AF: Small: A Computational Lens on Participatory Democracy

AF：小：参与式民主的计算镜头

基本信息

批准号：
2007080
负责人：
Ariel Procaccia
金额：
$ 40万
依托单位：
Harvard University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2007080&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
AF Small Computational Lens Participatory

项目摘要

Participatory democracy is an approach to governance that emphasizes broad citizen participation, often in a way that is supported or even enabled by modern technology. Although the design of systems of participatory democracy has long been the subject of study and debate, the theme of this project is that theoretical computer science has much to bring to the table. The project explores two facets of citizen participation: allocation of public resources and selection of citizen representatives. A formal approach to address optimal and fair solutions to these two facets can potentially have a positive effect on the confidence of citizens in governing institutions that utilize these solutions.The project is divided into two main research thrusts. The first deals with participatory budgeting, a paradigm by which residents of a city or citizens of a country vote on how public resources should be allocated. Participatory budgeting has been implemented in thousands of cities around the world, and recently at national level in several countries — but the procedures being used have significant shortcomings. Indeed, participatory budgeting methods should ideally provide rigorous guarantees. This idea is beautifully captured by the notion of core solutions — outcomes that every coalition of voters prefers to what it could afford if it went it alone. Two of the research challenges focus on the existence and computation of core solutions, or of natural relaxations thereof (which are inspired by fair division). The second thrust deals with sortition — an ancient paradigm of democracy by which representatives are selected at random. After a hiatus of several centuries, sortition is being used again in the democratic process around the world. The problem of participant selection has emerged as a major sticking point, with no optimally fair solutions. One of the research challenges deals with the design of randomized participant selection algorithms that satisfy practical constraints and, simultaneously, satisfy fairness properties. Another challenge asks, in addition, for algorithms that guarantee representation for groups that are not explicitly known in advance.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

参与式民主是一种强调广泛公民参与的治理方法，通常以现代技术支持甚至启用的方式进行，尽管参与式民主制度的设计长期以来一直是研究和辩论的主题，但也是本项目的主题。该项目探讨了公民参与的两个方面：公共资源的分配和公民代表的选择，解决这两个方面的最佳和公平解决方案的正式方法可能会产生积极的影响。对信心的影响该项目分为两个主要研究方向，即参与式预算，一个城市的居民或一个国家的公民可以投票决定如何分配公共资源。已经在世界各地数千个城市实施，最近在几个国家的国家层面实施——但实际上，参与式预算方法在理想情况下应该提供严格的保证，核心概念很好地体现了这一想法。解决方案——每个选民联盟都更喜欢其单独行动所能承受的结果。其中两个研究挑战集中在核心解决方案或其自然松弛的存在和计算上（受到公平分配的启发）。抽签是一种古老的民主范式，在中断了几个世纪之后，抽签在世界各地的民主进程中再次被使用，选举问题已成为一个主要症结。没有最优公平的解决方案。研究挑战涉及设计满足实际约束并同时满足公平性的随机参与者选择算法。此外，另一个挑战要求算法能够保证事先未明确知道的群体的代表性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定规定。使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（36）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Neutralizing Self-Selection Bias in Sampling for Sortition

中和排序抽样中的自选择偏差

DOI：
发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
NeurIPS
影响因子：
0
作者：
Flanigan, Bailey;Gölz, Paul;Gupta, Anupam;Procaccia, Ariel D.
通讯作者：
Procaccia, Ariel D.

Fair Division with Binary Valuations: One Rule to Rule Them All

二元估值的公平除法：一条规则来统治它们

DOI：
发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
WINE
影响因子：
0
作者：
Halpern, Daniel;Shah, Nisarg;Psomas, Alexandros;Procaccia, Ariel D.
通讯作者：
Procaccia, Ariel D.

Is Sortition Both Representative and Fair?

抽签是否具有代表性和公平性？

DOI：
发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
NeurIPS
影响因子：
0
作者：
Soroush Ebadian; Gregory Kehne
通讯作者：
Gregory Kehne

Axioms for Learning from Pairwise Comparisons

从成对比较中学习的公理

DOI：
发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
NeurIPS
影响因子：
0
作者：
Noothigattu, Ritesh;Peters, Dominik;Procaccia, Ariel D.
通讯作者：
Procaccia, Ariel D.

Strategyproof Voting under Correlated Beliefs

Ariel Procaccia其他文献

In defense of liquid democracy

捍卫流动民主

DOI：
发表时间：
2023-07
期刊：
Twenty-fourth ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce
影响因子：
0
作者：
Daniel Halpern;Joseph Y. Halpern, Ali Jadbabaie;Elchanan Mossel;Ariel Procaccia;Manon Revel
通讯作者：
Manon Revel