CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Computer-Aided Design and Fabrication for General-Purpose Knit Manufacturing

CHS：媒介：协作研究：通用针织制造的计算机辅助设计和制造

• 批准号: 1955444
• 负责人: James McCann
• 金额: $ 46.45万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1955444&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Computer

General-purpose fabrication of complex 3D shapes is possible today with industrial knitting machines, which provide a powerful alternative to conventional 3D printing, given their ability to use a wide range of feedstock to produce strong and durable artifacts that can withstand extreme deformations and stretch. Machine knitting is already used in applications ranging from composite preforms for aircraft parts, soft robotics, and medicine to functional clothing like body-armor, cut-proof gloves, and everyday apparel. However, controlling industrial knitting machines is a difficult task, as it involves determining an efficient sequence of low-level knitting machine instructions that produce a desired 3D form. The goal of this project is to develop a complete framework, from computer-aided design to fabrication, for general-purpose knit manufacturing that will allow users to start with an arbitrary 3D shape, convert the shape to a virtual knit structure, customize the knit structure, and simulate the behavior of the result. Project outcomes will enable widespread use of customized fabrication via machine knitting, with the potential to alter manufacturing practices and enable new products and applications in numerous industries, including robotics, furniture, automotive, space exploration, medicine, defense, and clothing. A key contribution of this project will be simulating at the meso-scale, using a large database of common patterns to preview behavior at the many-stitch level. Additional broad impacts will derive from seeding interdisciplinary cross-department and cross-college collaborations in both institutions.The key steps in the new CAD/CAM workflow, which involve converting arbitrary shapes to knit structures, will build on prior work by members of the team. The project will involve: customization of the knit structure using both high- and low-level operations; live simulation of the knit structure by exploiting a novel data-driven patch-based approach that draws on calibration data captured from photographs; and low-level instruction generation and verification to include a hint-based scheduler that allows (optional) user control of the scheduling process. Major contributions of this work will be the measurement-based simulation and the optimization steps of the pipeline, as well as the novel image-based yarn measurement technology to support them. The integration of a hinting system, and the use of a topological verifier, are innovations that will impart to the work the flexibility and guarantee of correctness required to enable the proposed pipeline.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

如今，工业针织机可以实现复杂 3D 形状的通用制造，工业针织机为传统 3D 打印提供了强大的替代方案，因为它们能够使用多种原料来生产坚固耐用的制品，能够承受极端变形和拉伸。 机器针织的应用范围广泛，从用于飞机零件、软机器人和医学的复合材料预成型件，到防弹衣、防割手套和日常服装等功能性服装。 然而，控制工业针织机是一项艰巨的任务，因为它涉及确定产生所需 3D 形状的低级针织机指令的有效序列。 该项目的目标是开发一个完整的框架，从计算机辅助设计到制造，用于通用针织制造，允许用户从任意 3D 形状开始，将形状转换为虚拟针织结构，定制针织结构，并模拟结果的行为。 项目成果将使通过机器编织的定制制造得到广泛应用，有可能改变制造实践，并在机器人、家具、汽车、太空探索、医药、国防和服装等众多行业中实现新产品和应用。 该项目的一个关键贡献将是在中观尺度上进行模拟，使用常见模式的大型数据库来预览多针级别的行为。两个机构的跨学科、跨部门和跨学院合作将产生额外的广泛影响。新 CAD/CAM 工作流程的关键步骤（涉及将任意形状转换为针织结构）将建立在团队成员之前的工作基础上。 该项目将涉及： 使用高级和低级操作定制针织结构；通过利用一种新颖的数据驱动的基于补丁的方法，利用从照片中捕获的校准数据，对针织结构进行实时模拟；低级指令生成和验证，包括基于提示的调度程序，允许（可选）用户控制调度过程。 这项工作的主要贡献将是基于测量的模拟和管道的优化步骤，以及支持它们的新颖的基于图像的纱线测量技术。 提示系统的集成以及拓扑验证器的使用都是创新，将赋予工作灵活性并保证实现拟议管道所需的正确性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

Estimating Yarn Length for Machine-Knitted Structures

估算机器针织结构的纱线长度

• DOI: 10.1145/3623263.3623355
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Computational Fabrication
• 作者: Ohlson, Gabrielle;Bonilla Fominaya, Angelica M.;Puthuveetil, Kavya;Wang, Jenny;Amspoker, Emily;McCann, James
• 通讯作者: McCann, James

An Artin Braid Group Representation of Knitting Machine State with Applications to Validation and Optimization of Fabrication Plans

针织机状态的 Artin 编织组表示及其在制造计划验证和优化中的应用

• DOI: 10.1109/icra48506.2021.9562113
• 发表时间: 2021-05-30
• 期刊: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
• 作者: Jenny Lin;J. McCann
• 通讯作者: J. McCann

uKnit: A Position-Aware Reconfigurable Machine-Knitted Wearable for Gestural Interaction and Passive Sensing using Electrical Impedance Tomography

uKnit：一种位置感知的可重构机器编织可穿戴设备，用于使用电阻抗断层扫描进行手势交互和被动传感

• DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3580692
• 发表时间: 2023-04-19
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: T. Yu;Riku Arakawa;James McCann;Mayank Goel
• 通讯作者: Mayank Goel

Semantics and Scheduling for Machine Knitting Compilers

机器针织编译器的语义和调度

• DOI: 10.1145/3592449
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: ACM Transactions on Graphics
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: Lin, Jenny;Narayanan, Vidya;Ikarashi, Yuka;Ragan;Bernstein, Gilbert;McCann, James
• 通讯作者: McCann, James

RobotSweater: Scalable, Generalizable, and Customizable Machine-Knitted Tactile Skins for Robots

RobotSweater：可扩展、通用且可定制的机器人机织触觉皮肤

• DOI: 10.1109/icra48891.2023.10161321
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA
• 作者: Si, Zilin;Yu, Tianhong Catherine;Morozov, Katrene;McCann, James;Yuan, Wenzhen
• 通讯作者: Yuan, Wenzhen