Collaborative Research: Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program

合作研究：北大西洋次极地计划的颠覆

基本信息

批准号：
1948505
负责人：
Amy Bower
金额：
$ 1500万
依托单位：
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-15 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1948505&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Overturning Subpolar North

项目摘要

A US-led international effort, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), has provided a continuous record of the full-water column, trans-basin fluxes of heat, mass, and freshwater in the subpolar North Atlantic since 2014, in partnership with the UK, Netherlands, Canada and Germany. Results from the first four years of OSNAP observations have challenged the current understanding of overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. This grant provides funding for an additional four years of observations in order to deliver to the community a ten-year time series of the meridional overturning, heat and freshwater fluxes in the subpolar basin. Variations in these quantities have been invoked to explain changes in a wide range of physical, chemical and biological parameters in the North Atlantic, Nordic Seas, and Arctic Ocean. Thus, by quantifying Atlantic meridional overturning variability and understanding its drivers, OSNAP is providing a critical first step towards addressing societally-relevant, interdisciplinary questions concerning the melting of Greenland ice and Arctic sea-ice, heat content in the Arctic Ocean, climate of the Nordic Seas, and anthropogenic carbon storage. The researchers will actively engage the broader international communities through four workshops, each targeting a societally relevant theme: 1) ocean biogeochemistry and carbon sequestration; 2) overturning in ocean models; 3) Arctic cryosphere; and 4) Nordic Seas variability. Two new postdocs and one graduate student will be supported in this phase of OSNAP and will benefit from the diversity of methodologies and exposure to the large number of OSNAP international scientists. In addition, approximately 20 graduate students from different US and international institutions will receive field training through participation in OSNAP cruises through 2024.The first four years of data from the OSNAP observing system have shown that the eastern subpolar region, from Greenland to Scotland, dominates the mean meridional mass and heat transport in the subpolar North Atlantic, while more than half of the total meridional freshwater transport occurs across the Labrador basin. Based on the success of the previous work, this project extends the time series and address the following critical questions: 1. What governs overturning variability in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre on intra-seasonal to interannual time scales? 2. What are the sources of freshwater across the OSNAP section and what governs their variability? 3. What are the impacts of the meridional heat and freshwater fluxes in the subpolar gyre? Additional motivation for this next phase of OSNAP is provided by the fundamental advancements in our understanding of subpolar North Atlantic dynamics and variability, that will result from the four main U.S. OSNAP mooring arrays, individually and in combination with other OSNAP observations. Further observations are expected to provide a strong observational basis for a new paradigm of overturning in this region, which will include an understanding of the linkage between dense water formation and overturning - a connection present in climate models, yet unobserved to date. Additionally, this this work will further quantify the structure and transport of the upper and deep ocean boundary currents off the east and west coasts of Greenland and within the Iceland Basin, as well as determine their variability and forcing mechanisms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国主导的一项国际努力——北大西洋次极地翻转计划（OSNAP）自 2014 年以来提供了北大西洋次极地全水柱、跨流域热量、质量和淡水通量的连续记录。与英国、荷兰、加拿大和德国建立伙伴关系。 OSNAP 前四年的观测结果挑战了目前对北大西洋副极地翻转环流的理解。这笔赠款为额外四年的观测提供资金，以便向社区提供副极地盆地经向翻转、热量和淡水通量的十年时间序列。这些数量的变化被用来解释北大西洋、北欧海洋和北冰洋的各种物理、化学和生物参数的变化。因此，通过量化大西洋经向翻转变化并了解其驱动因素，OSNAP 正在为解决与格陵兰冰和北冰洋海冰融化、北冰洋热含量、北冰洋气候等社会相关的跨学科问题迈出关键的第一步。北欧海洋和人为碳储存。研究人员将通过四个研讨会积极吸引更广泛的国际社会参与，每个研讨会都针对一个与社会相关的主题：1）海洋生物地球化学和碳封存； 2）海洋模型中的倾覆； 3）北极冰冻圈； 4) 北欧海洋的变化。两名新的博士后和一名研究生将在 OSNAP 的这一阶段得到支持，并将受益于方法的多样性和接触大量 OSNAP 国际科学家。此外，到 2024 年，来自不同美国和国际机构的大约 20 名研究生将通过参加 OSNAP 巡航接受实地培训。OSNAP 观测系统前四年的数据显示，从格陵兰岛到苏格兰的东部副极地地区占主导地位。北大西洋副极地的平均经向质量和热量传输，而经向淡水传输总量的一半以上发生在拉布拉多盆地。基于先前工作的成功，该项目扩展了时间序列并解决了以下关键问题： 1. 是什么控制着北大西洋副极地环流在季节内到年际时间尺度上的翻转变化？ 2. OSNAP 部分的淡水来源是什么？它们的变化受什么因素影响？ 3.副极地环流经向热量和淡水通量的影响是什么？我们对北大西洋副极地动力学和变化的理解取得了根本性进展，为 OSNAP 下一阶段提供了额外的动力，这将由美国四个主要的 OSNAP 系泊阵列单独或与其他 OSNAP 观测相结合产生。进一步的观测预计将为该地区的新的翻转范式提供强有力的观测基础，其中包括了解浓水形成和翻转之间的联系——气候模型中存在这种联系，但迄今为止尚未观察到。此外，这项工作将进一步量化格陵兰岛东海岸和西海岸以及冰岛盆地内的上层和深海边界流的结构和传输，并确定它们的变化和强迫机制。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，并被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（13）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Wind‐Forced Upwelling Along the West Greenland Shelfbreak: Implications for Labrador Sea Water Formation

风——格陵兰岛西部陆架断裂沿线的强制上升流：对拉布拉多海水形成的影响

DOI：
10.1029/2022jc018952
发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
影响因子：
0
作者：
Pacini, Astrid;Pickart, Robert S.
通讯作者：
Pickart, Robert S.

The Annual Salinity Cycle of the Denmark Strait Overflow

丹麦海峡溢流的年度盐度循环

DOI：
10.1029/2021jc018139
发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
影响因子：
0
作者：
Opher, J. G.;Brearley, J. A.;Dye, S. R.;Pickart, R. S.;Renfrew, I. A.;Harden, B. E.;Meredith, M. P.
通讯作者：
Meredith, M. P.

Role of air-sea heat flux on the transformation of Atlantic Water encircling the Nordic Seas

海气热通量对环绕北欧海域的大西洋水转化的作用

DOI：
10.1038/s41467-023-35889-3
发表时间：
2023-01-10
期刊：
Nature Communications
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Huang J;Pickart RS;Chen Z;Huang RX
通讯作者：
Huang RX

Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic

北大西洋副极地经向翻转环流的季节性

DOI：
10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9
发表时间：
2023-05
期刊：
Communications Earth & Environment
影响因子：
7.9
作者：
Fu, Yao;Lozier, M. Susan;Biló, Tiago Carrilho;Bower, Amy S.;Cunningham, Stuart A.;Cyr, Frédéric;de Jong, M. Femke;deYoung, Brad;Drysdale, Lewis;Fraser, Neil;et al
通讯作者：
et al

Water mass transformation in the Iceland Sea: Contrasting two winters separated by four decades

冰岛海的水团转变：对比相隔四十年的两个冬天

DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103824
发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
影响因子：
0
作者：
Våge, Kjetil;Semper, Stefanie;Valdimarsson, Héðinn;Jónsson, Steingrímur;Pickart, Robert S.;Moore, G.W.K.
通讯作者：
Moore, G.W.K.