A Kinetic Investigation of Plasma Instabilities Driven By Energetic Particles

高能粒子驱动的等离子体不稳定性的动力学研究

基本信息

批准号：
2010240
负责人：
Damiano Caprioli
金额：
$ 45万
依托单位：
University of Chicago
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2010240&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Kinetic Investigation Plasma Instabilities Driven

项目摘要

This project will enable better understanding of the generation of cosmic rays throughout the Universe. The Universe is permeated with plasma, an ionized gas where magnetic fields and charged particles evolve under their mutual interaction. A small fraction of the charged particles may be accelerated to very large energies and, despite being less than one percent in number, affect the overall plasma in a prominent way. The project aims to study via controlled, self-consistent numerical plasma simulations the processes through which such energetic particles generate and are impacted by magnetic fields in the solar system and other astrophysical environments. The project will train graduate and undergraduate students, with particular emphasis on attracting underrepresented minorities into the field, while the new knowledge is likely to improve our ability to predict space weather and may impact design of future fusion reactors.Non-thermal particles can be produced via several different physical phenomena such as shocks, magnetic reconnection, and turbulence, tapping into the free energy of the system, be it kinetic or magnetic. The streaming of solar energetic particles in the heliosphere and cosmic rays in astrophysical contexts naturally produces a restoring back-reaction in the thermal plasma, which leads to tangling/amplification of the initial magnetic field. Kinetic particle-in-cell simulations will be used to quantify ab-initio the self-generated scattering of the energetic particles and how energy is partitioned into electromagnetic fields, plasma heating, and bulk motions. Instabilities driven by energetic ions and electrons are key to the phenomenology of diverse space/astrophysical environments, such as collisionless shocks, the solar wind, and pulsar wind nebulae.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将有助于更好地了解整个宇宙中宇宙射线的产生。宇宙中充满了等离子体，这是一种电离气体，其中磁场和带电粒子在相互作用下演化。一小部分带电粒子可能会被加速到非常大的能量，尽管数量不到百分之一，但会对整个等离子体产生显着的影响。该项目旨在通过受控的、自洽的数值等离子体模拟来研究这些高能粒子在太阳系和其他天体物理环境中产生并受到磁场影响的过程。该项目将培训研究生和本科生，特别注重吸引代表性不足的少数群体进入该领域，而新知识可能会提高我们预测太空天气的能力，并可能影响未来聚变反应堆的设计。可以产生非热粒子通过冲击、磁重联和湍流等几种不同的物理现象，利用系统的自由能，无论是动能还是磁能。日光层中的太阳高能粒子流和天体物理背景下的宇宙射线自然会在热等离子体中产生恢复逆反应，从而导致初始磁场的缠结/放大。细胞内动力学粒子模拟将用于从头开始量化高能粒子的自生散射，以及能量如何分配到电磁场、等离子体加热和整体运动中。高能离子和电子驱动的不稳定性是不同空间/天体物理环境现象学的关键，例如无碰撞冲击、太阳风和脉冲星风星云。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Microphysics of Diffusive Shock Acceleration: Impact on the Spectrum of Accelerated Particles

扩散激波加速的微观物理：对加速粒子谱的影响

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac6182
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Cristofari, Pierre;Blasi, Pasquale;Caprioli, Damiano
通讯作者：
Caprioli, Damiano

Evidence for Multiple Shocks from the γ-Ray Emission of RS Ophiuchi

RS Ophiuchi γ 射线发射多重冲击的证据

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/acc105
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Diesing, Rebecca;Metzger, Brian D.;Aydi, Elias;Chomiuk, Laura;Vurm, Indrek;Gupta, Siddhartha;Caprioli, Damiano
通讯作者：
Caprioli, Damiano

Hadronic versus Leptonic Origin of Gamma-Ray Emission from Supernova Remnants

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ace699
发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Nicholas J. Corso;R. Diesing;D. Caprioli
通讯作者：
Nicholas J. Corso;R. Diesing;D. Caprioli

Phase-space Energization of Ions in Oblique Shocks

斜激波中离子的相空间能量

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/acaf53
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Juno, James;Brown, Collin R.;Howes, Gregory G.;Haggerty, Colby C.;TenBarge, Jason M.;Wilson III, Lynn B.;Caprioli, Damiano;Klein, Kristopher G.
通讯作者：
Klein, Kristopher G.

Fast Particle Acceleration in 3D Hybrid Simulations of Quasiperpendicular Shocks

准垂直冲击 3D 混合模拟中的快速粒子加速