CHS: Small: Developing and Validating a Physically Accurate Light-Scattering Model for the Rendering of Bird and Other Dinosaur Feathers

CHS：小型：开发和验证用于渲染鸟类和其他恐龙羽毛的物理精确光散射模型

• 批准号: 2007974
• 负责人: Eric Patterson
• 金额: $ 47.73万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2007974&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Small; Developing; Validating; Physically

Although computer graphics has become a crucial tool for scientific visualization (and many other fields such as medicine, industry, education, and communication), more realistic, fine-scale representations of the natural world are still sorely needed. Rendering, a core component of computer graphics, uses models of light and material interaction to generate today's most photorealistic images, but there are many real-world materials yet to be fundamentally studied in this regard. In ornithology and paleontology, for example, researchers continue to investigate feather micro-structures in an effort to discover how these produce color and iridescence, and to reveal the similarities and differences between feathers of modern birds and those of extinct dinosaurs, but to date no sufficiently sophisticated model has been developed to represent the complex, multi-scale interaction of light with feather sub-structures. This interdisciplinary project will lead to the first computer-graphics appearance model specifically developed for feathers, by collecting and building on biophysical data to design a biologically realistic rendering method. Additional broad impacts will derive from the project outcomes contributing to educational activities related to birds and other dinosaurs while transforming rendering capabilities to create photorealistic images of feathers and feathered creatures for scientific visualization, illustration, documentaries, and interactive graphics. The appearance of real-world feather anatomy is the result of light interactions with complex, patterned structures of varying scale. Currently, fiber-shading models of mammalian hair and fur are often used for convenience, despite their quite different structural and mechanical properties; inherently, therefore, such models do not accurately recreate the scattering properties of feathers. Furthermore, structural coloration, a wave-optics property not represented at all in fiber-shading models, is present in many feathers. To address these deficiencies, novel material models will be developed by collecting and observing physical data of varying scales from feathers. Broad taxonomic sampling will make manifest important variation among birds and facilitate imaging of a wide variety of microscopic structures. Light-scattering data will be recorded to develop and validate the new physical material models. Greater understanding of these multi-scale light interactions as well as the complex phenomenon of structural coloration holds potential to advance perspectives in several fields. Visualizations and comparisons between living-bird feathers and non-avian dinosaur fossils will increase understanding of feather evolution, be applicable to studies of signaling and evolution of mate choice in ornithology, and improve sophistication of fiber and wave-optics models in computer graphics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管计算机图形已经成为科学可视化的关键工具（以及许多其他领域，例如医学，行业，教育和沟通），但仍然需要对自然界的更现实，更典型的表现。 渲染是计算机图形的核心组成部分，它使用光和材料交互的模型来生成当今最逼真的图像，但是在这方面，有许多现实世界的材料尚未从根本上进行研究。 例如，在鸟类学和古生物学上，研究人员继续研究羽毛微观结构，以发现它们如何产生颜色和虹彩，并揭示现代鸟类与灭绝的恐龙的羽毛之间的相似性和差异，但迄今为止，还没有开发出足够复杂的模型来与复杂的多型相互作用相互作用。 这个跨学科项目将通过收集和构建生物物理数据来设计生物学现实的渲染方法，从而导致专门为羽毛开发的第一个计算机图形外观模型。 其他广泛的影响将来自于与鸟类和其他恐龙有关的教育活动的项目成果产生的，同时转变渲染能力以创建羽毛和羽毛生物的影像图像，以进行科学可视化，插图，纪录片和互动图形。现实世界羽毛解剖结构的出现是光相互作用与尺度不同的复杂，图案化结构的结果。 当前，尽管结构和机械性能截然不同，但哺乳动物头发和皮毛的纤维阴影模型通常用于方便。因此，本质上，这样的模型不能准确地重新创建羽毛的散射特性。 此外，在许多羽毛中都存在结构上的色彩，这是纤维阴影模型中根本没有代表的波启动特性。 为了解决这些缺陷，将通过收集和观察羽毛变化量表的物理数据来开发新颖的材料模型。 广泛的分类抽样将使鸟类之间的重要变化显现出来，并促进各种微观结构的成像。 将记录散落的数据以开发和验证新的物理材料模型。 对这些多尺度的光相互作用以及结构着色的复杂现象具有更大的了解，有可能在几个领域提高观点。 活鸟羽毛和非avian恐龙化石之间的可视化和比较将增加对羽毛进化的理解，适用于鸟类学中序列选择的信号传导和序列选择的进化，并改善纤维和波动模型的精致计算机图形中的精致。这些奖项通过评估NSF的智力及其范围的依据，这是由NSF的智力及其构成的依据。 标准。

项目成果

Procedural Shading for Rendering the Appearance of Feathers

用于渲染羽毛外观的程序着色

• DOI: 10.1145/3450618.3469161
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: SIGGRAPH '21: ACM SIGGRAPH 2021 Posters
• 作者: Baron, Jessica;Dhillon, Daljit Singh;Patterson, Eric
• 通讯作者: Patterson, Eric

Physically Based Rendering of Simple Thin Volume Natural Nanostructures

简单薄体积自然纳米结构的基于物理的渲染

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Advances in vision computing
• 作者: Dhillon, D. S.

Microstructure-based appearance rendering for feathers

基于微结构的羽毛外观渲染

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cag.2021.09.010
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Computers & Graphics
• 作者: Baron, Jessica;Dhillon, Daljit Singh;Smith, N. Adam;Patterson, Eric
• 通讯作者: Patterson, Eric