CHS: Small: Developing and Validating a Physically Accurate Light-Scattering Model for the Rendering of Bird and Other Dinosaur Feathers

CHS：小型：开发和验证用于渲染鸟类和其他恐龙羽毛的物理精确光散射模型

基本信息

批准号：
2007974
负责人：
Eric Patterson
金额：
$ 47.73万
依托单位：
Clemson University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-05-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2007974&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CHS Small Developing Validating Physically

项目摘要

Although computer graphics has become a crucial tool for scientific visualization (and many other fields such as medicine, industry, education, and communication), more realistic, fine-scale representations of the natural world are still sorely needed. Rendering, a core component of computer graphics, uses models of light and material interaction to generate today's most photorealistic images, but there are many real-world materials yet to be fundamentally studied in this regard. In ornithology and paleontology, for example, researchers continue to investigate feather micro-structures in an effort to discover how these produce color and iridescence, and to reveal the similarities and differences between feathers of modern birds and those of extinct dinosaurs, but to date no sufficiently sophisticated model has been developed to represent the complex, multi-scale interaction of light with feather sub-structures. This interdisciplinary project will lead to the first computer-graphics appearance model specifically developed for feathers, by collecting and building on biophysical data to design a biologically realistic rendering method. Additional broad impacts will derive from the project outcomes contributing to educational activities related to birds and other dinosaurs while transforming rendering capabilities to create photorealistic images of feathers and feathered creatures for scientific visualization, illustration, documentaries, and interactive graphics. The appearance of real-world feather anatomy is the result of light interactions with complex, patterned structures of varying scale. Currently, fiber-shading models of mammalian hair and fur are often used for convenience, despite their quite different structural and mechanical properties; inherently, therefore, such models do not accurately recreate the scattering properties of feathers. Furthermore, structural coloration, a wave-optics property not represented at all in fiber-shading models, is present in many feathers. To address these deficiencies, novel material models will be developed by collecting and observing physical data of varying scales from feathers. Broad taxonomic sampling will make manifest important variation among birds and facilitate imaging of a wide variety of microscopic structures. Light-scattering data will be recorded to develop and validate the new physical material models. Greater understanding of these multi-scale light interactions as well as the complex phenomenon of structural coloration holds potential to advance perspectives in several fields. Visualizations and comparisons between living-bird feathers and non-avian dinosaur fossils will increase understanding of feather evolution, be applicable to studies of signaling and evolution of mate choice in ornithology, and improve sophistication of fiber and wave-optics models in computer graphics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管计算机图形学已成为科学可视化（以及医学、工业、教育和通信等许多其他领域）的重要工具，但仍然迫切需要更真实、更精细的自然世界表示。渲染是计算机图形学的核心组成部分，它使用光和材料相互作用的模型来生成当今最逼真的图像，但在这方面还有许多现实世界的材料有待从根本上研究。例如，在鸟类学和古生物学领域，研究人员不断研究羽毛的微观结构，试图发现它们如何产生颜色和虹彩，并揭示现代鸟类和已灭绝恐龙羽毛之间的异同，但迄今为止还没有发现羽毛的微观结构。已经开发出足够复杂的模型来表示光与羽毛子结构的复杂、多尺度相互作用。这个跨学科项目将通过收集和建立生物物理数据来设计生物逼真的渲染方法，从而产生第一个专门为羽毛开发的计算机图形外观模型。项目成果将产生额外的广泛影响，促进与鸟类和其他恐龙相关的教育活动，同时改变渲染能力，为科学可视化、插图、纪录片和交互式图形创建羽毛和羽毛生物的逼真图像。现实世界羽毛解剖结构的外观是光与不同尺度的复杂图案结构相互作用的结果。目前，为了方便起见，经常使用哺乳动物头发和皮毛的纤维着色模型，尽管它们的结构和机械性能有很大不同。因此，从本质上讲，此类模型并不能准确地再现羽毛的散射特性。此外，结构着色（一种在纤维着色模型中根本没有体现的波动光学特性）存在于许多羽毛中。为了解决这些缺陷，将通过收集和观察羽毛不同尺度的物理数据来开发新的材料模型。广泛的分类学采样将使鸟类之间的重要差异变得明显，并有助于对各种微观结构进行成像。将记录光散射数据以开发和验证新的物理材料模型。对这些多尺度光相互作用以及结构着色的复杂现象的更好理解有可能推动多个领域的前景。活鸟羽毛和非鸟类恐龙化石之间的可视化和比较将增加对羽毛进化的理解，适用于鸟类学中配偶选择信号和进化的研究，并提高计算机图形学中纤维和波动光学模型的复杂性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。