RUI: NSF/DMR-BSF: Nonequilibrium Quantum Matter: Timescales and Self-Averaging

RUI：NSF/DMR-BSF：非平衡量子物质：时间尺度和自平均

基本信息

批准号：
1936006
负责人：
Lea Ferreira dos Santos
金额：
$ 40万
依托单位：
Yeshiva University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-01-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1936006&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RUI NSF DMR BSF Nonequilibrium

项目摘要

NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports a theoretical and computational research collaboration between a PI funded by the National Science Foundation and a PI funded by the Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). The collaboration will combine complementary skills and resources to perform computational and theoretical studies of systems comprised of many interacting particles that are far from the state of equilibrium and which are described by quantum mechanics. The properties of systems in equilibrium do not change in time. In contrast the properties of nonequilibrium systems like, for example, the electrons in a nanomaterial that has been exposed to a burst of light, change. This research aims to advance understanding of how systems far from equilibrium relax to achieve the equilibrium state. The PI's aim is to further understand the dynamical behavior of quantum mechanical systems driven by external fields. Understanding the properties of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium is a fundamental problem of great interest to many fields, including atomic, molecular, and condensed matter physics, quantum information science, and cosmology. The team's studies may lead to:*) the prediction and discovery of new phases of matter that only appear in quantum systems out of equilibrium. New phases of matter are tightly connected with the development of new materials needed in emerging technologies and to improve existing device technologies. *) insight into quantum computing. The models used in these studies are analogous to those used in the development of technologies that manipulate quantum mechanical states to perform computation, quantum computing. Advances in the understanding of many-body quantum systems can lead to revolutionary developments in both computational capabilities and encryption technologies.This project will foster the participation of women in STEM fields by engaging female undergraduate students in the research. It will help motivate young women to study physics by giving presentations about what can be done with a degree in physics in venues like open houses and visits to high schools for girls. The PI also aims to modernize the curriculum at Stern College for Women by integrating computational activities into the undergraduate science courses. Computer codes and tutorials developed through this project will be posted online to contribute to the integration of teaching and research at other institutions. The collaboration will also benefit the undergraduate students of Stern College for Women, who will have the opportunity to experience research at a PhD granting institution in Israel.TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports a theoretical and computational research collaboration between a PI funded by the National Science Foundation and a PI funded by the Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). The collaboration will combine complementary skills and resources with an aim to advance understanding of the dynamics of many-body quantum systems, an outstanding challenge at the forefront of theoretical and experimental physics. It bridges fields as diverse as atomic, molecular, condensed matter, and high-energy physics. The widespread interest in the subject is prompted by new theoretical and computational methods, and by experimental access to ever longer coherent evolutions. Particular attention has been given to the conditions for equilibration, thermalization, and localization in interacting systems described by static and driven Hamiltonians, themes to which both the PI and the BSF-PI have made several important contributions. Yet, a challenging question that remains open refers to the time for these systems to equilibrate. Existing results, often based on abstract models, are contradictory. Also debated are: the time that marks the onset of universal behavior, what Thouless time is in interacting systems, the duration of exponential behaviors, and how these timescales relate with the heating timescale of driven systems. To characterize these various timescales, the team will consider realistic models and experimental observables, and will take advantage of their experience with quantum chaos and random matrix theory to identify general behaviors and derive analytical expressions. While the PI has mostly focused on time-independent Hamiltonians, the BSF-PI will bring in his expertise on driven systems. In addition to dynamics and timescales, self-averaging will also be a central topic of this project. Contrary to ergodicity, self-averaging in interacting quantum systems out of equilibrium has received very little attention, despite its importance to the development of theoretical models, as well as to experiments and numerical simulations, where access to many realizations may be costly.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术摘要该奖项支持由国家科学基金会资助的 PI 和由以色列两国科学基金会 (BSF) 资助的 PI 之间的理论和计算研究合作。此次合作将结合互补的技能和资源，对由许多相互作用的粒子组成的系统进行计算和理论研究，这些粒子远离平衡状态并由量子力学描述。平衡系统的特性不会随时间改变。相比之下，非平衡系统的性质会发生变化，例如纳米材料中的电子暴露在强光照射下。这项研究旨在加深对远离平衡的系统如何放松以达到平衡状态的理解。 PI 的目标是进一步了解外部场驱动的量子力学系统的动态行为。了解脱离平衡的多体量子系统的性质是许多领域非常感兴趣的一个基本问题，包括原子、分子和凝聚态物理、量子信息科学和宇宙学。该团队的研究可能会导致：*）预测和发现仅出现在不平衡的量子系统中的物质新相。物质的新相与新兴技术所需的新材料的开发以及改进现有设备技术密切相关。 *) 深入了解量子计算。这些研究中使用的模型类似于操纵量子力学状态来执行计算（量子计算）的技术开发中使用的模型。对多体量子系统理解的进步可以带来计算能力和加密技术的革命性发展。该项目将通过让女本科生参与研究来促进女性参与 STEM 领域。它将通过在开放日和参观女子高中等场所介绍物理学位可以做什么，帮助激励年轻女性学习物理学。 PI 还旨在通过将计算活动融入本科生科学课程，实现斯特恩女子学院课程的现代化。通过该项目开发的计算机代码和教程将发布在网上，以促进其他机构教学和研究的整合。此次合作还将使斯特恩女子学院的本科生受益，他们将有机会在以色列的博士学位授予机构体验研究。技术摘要该奖项支持由美国国家科学基金会资助的 PI 和由以色列两国科学基金会 (BSF) 资助的 PI。此次合作将结合互补的技能和资源，旨在增进对多体量子系统动力学的理解，这是理论和实验物理学前沿的一项突出挑战。它连接了原子、分子、凝聚态物质和高能物理等不同领域。新的理论和计算方法以及对更长相干演化的实验获得激发了人们对这一主题的广泛兴趣。特别关注静态和驱动哈密顿量描述的相互作用系统中的平衡、热化和局域化条件，PI 和 BSF-PI 都在这些主题上做出了一些重要贡献。然而，一个具有挑战性的问题仍然悬而未决，即这些系统达到平衡的时间。现有的结果通常基于抽象模型，是相互矛盾的。另外还有争议的是：标志着普遍行为开始的时间、交互系统中的“无时间”是什么、指数行为的持续时间，以及这些时间尺度与驱动系统的加热时间尺度的关系。为了表征这些不同的时间尺度，该团队将考虑现实模型和实验可观测值，并将利用他们在量子混沌和随机矩阵理论方面的经验来识别一般行为并推导分析表达式。虽然 PI 主要关注与时间无关的哈密顿量，但 BSF-PI 将引入他在驱动系统方面的专业知识。除了动态和时间尺度之外，自平均也将是该项目的中心主题。与遍历性相反，脱离平衡的相互作用量子系统中的自平均很少受到关注，尽管它对于理论模型的发展以及实验和数值模拟很重要，而在这些领域中获得许多实现可能是昂贵的。反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。