EAR-PF Investigating Volcanic Explosion Directivity Using Aerial Infrasound Observations with UAVs

EAR-PF 利用无人机空中次声观测研究火山爆炸方向性

基本信息

批准号：
1952392
负责人：
Alexandra Iezzi
金额：
$ 17.4万
依托单位：
Iezzi, Alexandra Michelle
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-01 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1952392&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAR PF Investigating Volcanic Explosion

项目摘要

Dr. Alexandra Iezzi has been granted an NSF EAR Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out research and educational activities at the University of California Santa Barbara under the mentorship of Professor Robin Matoza. Infrasound sensors measure low-frequency acoustic waves (below the limit of human hearing) and provide a detailed means to monitor and characterize explosive sources such as those caused by volcanic eruptions. However, these sensors are usually placed on the Earth's surface, providing only a limited sampling of the acoustic radiation pattern and directionality of volcanic explosions creating a bias in how acoustic sources are characterized. This project addresses this issue by using a novel approach of collecting infrasound data with sensors aboard multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in addition to traditional sensor deployments on the ground. Our sensor platform and measurements will increase our understanding of acoustic directivity at the frequently active Yasur volcano, in Vanuatu and for explosive sources in general. The research proposed here has the potential to revolutionize the way active volcanoes are monitored using infrasound instrumentation aimed at providing unique information on explosion dynamics. The new techniques proposed will allow infrasound sensors to be deployed both in the air and on the ground close to the eruption, so that a volcanic source is understood better with significantly reduced risk exposure to field personnel. This project is a proof-of-concept study of UAV-based infrasound deployments that can extend data collection to previously unreachable locations near active volcanoes and anthropogenic explosion sources around the world. The UAV-mounted infrasound sensors will record data from unique angles, allowing for acoustic source inversion methods that account for the effects of topography to constrain the directional radiation pattern of explosions in a way not previously possible. By following these methods, we will also improve the calculation of the mass flow rate, which is an invaluable parameter for monitoring. The infrasound observations will be validated with ballistic trajectories determined from multiple cameras deployed around the crater rim, which we assume to be similar to the directionality of ash, gas, and steam emissions that may present harm to those near the volcano. Configuring UAV-mounted infrasound sensors in a vertical line above one of the crater rim stations will, for the first time, allow us to investigate the precise vertical location of the infrasonic source. Finally, we will create a prototype and test a UAV infrasound sensor deployment where the sensor is flown to an inaccessible area, dropped off, and retrieved by the UAV. This technique can be applied for future monitoring during times of eruption crises. As part of the broader impacts of this project Dr. Iezzi will teach a reading seminar course and design a demonstration mimicking the usage of UAVs around Yasur volcano entitled “trashcano”, which is sure to catch middle-school students’ interest. Outreach activities include a photo-journal from Yasur volcano to share with local teachers and thus expanding outreach educational efforts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Alexandra Iezzi 博士获得了 NSF EAR 博士后奖学金，在 Robin Matoza 教授的指导下在加州大学圣巴巴拉分校开展研究和教育活动，次声传感器测量低频声波（低于人类听力极限）。并提供详细的方法来监测和表征爆炸源，例如火山喷发引起的爆炸源。然而，这些传感器通常放置在地球表面，仅提供声辐射模式和方向性的有限采样。火山爆发对声源的表征产生了偏差，该项目通过使用一种新颖的方法来解决这个问题，除了传统的地面传感器部署之外，还使用多架无人机（UAV）上的传感器收集次声数据。测量将增加我们对瓦努阿图频繁活动的亚苏尔火山和一般爆炸源的声学方向性的了解。这里提出的研究有可能彻底改变使用次声仪器监测活火山的方式。所提出的新技术将允许在靠近火山喷发的空中和地面上部署次声传感器，以便更好地了解火山源，并显着降低现场人员面临的风险。基于无人机的次声部署的概念验证研究，可以将数据收集范围扩展到世界各地活火山和人为爆炸源附近以前无法到达的位置，安装在无人机上的次声传感器将记录来自独特的数据。角度，允许采用考虑地形影响的声源反演方法，以以前不可能的方式限制爆炸的定向辐射模式。通过遵循这些方法，我们还将改进质量流量的计算，这是一种计算方法。次声观测是宝贵的监测参数，将通过火山口边缘部署的多个摄像机确定的弹道轨迹进行验证，我们认为这与可能对火山附近的人员造成伤害的火山灰、气体和蒸汽排放的方向性相似。。在陨石坑边缘站上方的垂直线上配置无人机次声传感器将首次使我们能够研究次声源的精确垂直位置最后，我们将创建一个原型并测试无人机次声传感器。将传感器飞到难以到达的区域，然后由无人机回收，该技术可用于未来火山爆发危机期间的监测。 Iezzi 将教授阅读研讨会课程，并设计一个名为“trashcano”的模仿亚苏尔火山周围无人机使用的演示，这肯定会引起中学生的兴趣，其中包括与当地人分享亚苏尔火山的照片日记。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Narrow-Band Least-Squares Infrasound Array Processing

窄带最小二乘次声阵列处理

DOI：
10.1785/0220220042
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Seismological Research Letters
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Iezzi, Alexandra M.;Matoza, Robin S.;Bishop, Jordan W.;Bhetanabhotla, Sneha;Fee, David
通讯作者：
Fee, David

Synthetic Evaluation of Infrasonic Multipole Waveform Inversion

次声多极波形反演综合评价

DOI：
10.1029/2021jb023223
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子：
0
作者：
Iezzi, Alexandra M.;Matoza, Robin S.;Fee, David;Kim, Keehoon;Jolly, Arthur D.
通讯作者：
Jolly, Arthur D.

High-rate very-long-period seismicity at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu: source mechanism and decoupling from surficial explosions and infrasound

瓦努阿图亚苏尔火山的高频率超长周期地震活动：震源机制以及与地表爆炸和次声的解耦

DOI：
10.1093/gji/ggab533
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Geophysical Journal International
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Matoza, Robin S.;Chouet, Bernard A.;Jolly, Arthur D.;Dawson, Phillip B.;Fitzgerald, Rebecca H.;Kennedy, Ben M.;Fee, David;Iezzi, Alexandra M.;Kilgour, Geoff N.;Garaebiti, Esline
通讯作者：
Garaebiti, Esline

Evidence for near-source nonlinear propagation of volcano infrasound from Strombolian explosions at Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

DOI：
10.1007/s00445-022-01552-w
发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
Bulletin of Volcanology
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
S. Maher;R. Matoza;A. Jolly;C. de Groot-Hedlin;K. Gee;D. Fee;A. Iezzi
通讯作者：
S. Maher;R. Matoza;A. Jolly;C. de Groot-Hedlin;K. Gee;D. Fee;A. Iezzi

Local Explosion Detection and Infrasound Localization by Reverse Time Migration Using 3-D Finite-Difference Wave Propagation

使用 3-D 有限差分波传播通过逆时偏移进行局部爆炸检测和次声定位

DOI：
10.3389/feart.2021.620813
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Frontiers in Earth Science
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Fee, David;Toney, Liam;Kim, Keehoon;Sanderson, Richard W.;Iezzi, Alexandra M.;Matoza, Robin S.;De Angelis, Silvio;Jolly, Arthur D.;Lyons, John J.;Haney, Matthew M.
通讯作者：
Haney, Matthew M.