Collaborative Research: IRES Track 1: Socio-ecological training in a tropical landscape

合作研究：IRES 第 1 轨道：热带景观中的社会生态培训

• 批准号: 1951781
• 负责人: Jordan Karubian
• 金额: $ 12.76万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1951781&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IRES; Track; Socio

To enhance the ability of the United States researchers and students to establish international collaborations, this IRES program provides cross-disciplinary research training and cultural enrichment in Ecuador. Over three years, the project will train 24 U.S. undergraduate and graduate students, with a recruitment focus on underrepresented groups in STEM fields. In order to investigate how variation in land management practices by residents affects the integrity of landscape ecological processes, as well as human health and well-being, participating students will conduct field research on forests, birds, and people within a fragmented tropical landscape Through intensive mentoring by U.S. and Ecuadorian researchers before, during, and after the international experience, students will gain training in developing research hypotheses and study design, collecting field data, and analysis and dissemination of research findings, including in peer-reviewed publications. By targeting students from underrepresented groups, the project will help increase the diversity of ideas and perspectives on factors that either exacerbate, or ameliorate, the effects of land management practices on environmental and human health.The research to be undertaken by U.S. students will take place within Ecuador’s Chocó Biogeographic Zone, where local management styles range from intensive deforestation for agriculture and cattle to maintaining high tree cover for hunting and sustainable harvest activities.Our over-arching hypothesis is that higher tree cover in this landscape will benefit natural systems (via promoting seed dispersal by fruit-eating vertebrates) and human systems (by improving food security and reducing thermal stress). To evaluate how tree cover effects the diversity, abundance, and foraging of fruit-eating birds, participants will be able to combine satellite imagery analysis with field-based quantification of bird population metrics, movement patterns, and fruit removal rates collected via mist-netting, radio-tracking, and fruiting trees observations. These correlational approaches may be complemented by an experiment in which nest boxes are placed in a range of habitats to determine if the availability of nesting holes limit bird populations in agricultural areas. Avian seed-dispersal data can also be evaluated in relation to forest structure, elevation, and the thermic environment to investigate its effect on seed deposition and seedling recruitment. To understand factors limiting vegetative regeneration, students can study the diversity and abundance of seeds arriving in seed traps; the effects of seed density, location, and species composition of dispersed seeds on seedling growth, survival, and demography; and impacts of herbivory through field-based experiments.To better understand how tree cover relates to human well-being, students will investigate the role of forest cover in moderating ambient temperatures and how the thermal environment directly (dehydration, heat stress) and indirectly (work patterns, food security) influences human well-being. Participants can also evaluate how land cover, gender, and market access may influence dietary patterns and human nutritional status. This will involve data collection on macronutrient and micronutrient intakes as well as anthropometric measurements of adults and children (height, weight, circumferences, and body composition). Results from this interdisciplinary research are expected to elucidate how integration of biodiversity into agriculture systems may impact both ecosystem function and human health, thereby informing how growing human populations, increased deforestation, and a warming climate may affect our planet and society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为了提高美国研究人员和学生建立国际合作的能力，该 IRES 项目在厄瓜多尔提供跨学科研究培训和文化丰富，该项目将在三年内培训 24 名美国本科生和研究生，重点是招生。为了调查居民土地管理实践的变化如何影响生态景观过程的完整性以及人类健康和福祉，参与的学生将对森林、鸟类和人类进行实地研究。在一个分散的热带景观 通过美国和厄瓜多尔研究人员在国际体验之前、期间和之后的密集指导，学生将获得发展研究假设和研究设计、收集实地数据以及分析和传播研究结果（包括同行评审）的培训通过针对代表性不足群体的学生，该项目将有助于增加关于恶化或改善土地管理实践对环境和人类健康影响的因素的想法和观点的多样性。学生将在厄瓜多尔的乔科生物地理区内学习，当地的管理方式多种多样，从用于农业和养牛的密集砍伐森林到保持高树木覆盖率以进行狩猎和可持续收获活动。我们的首要假设是，该景观中较高的树木覆盖率将有利于自然系统（通过促进食果脊椎动物传播种子）和人类系统（通过改善粮食安全和减少热应激）为了评估树木覆盖如何影响食果鸟类的多样性、丰度和觅食，参与者将能够将图像卫星分析与通过雾网、无线电跟踪和果树观测收集的鸟类种群指标、运动模式和果实去除率的实地量化相结合，这些相关方法可以通过筑巢实验来补充。将盒子放置在一系列栖息地中，以确定筑巢孔的可用性是否限制了农业地区鸟类的数量，也可以根据森林结构、海拔和热环境来评估鸟类种子传播数据，以调查其对种子的影响。沉积和为了了解限制营养再生的因素，学生可以研究到达种子陷阱的种子的多样性和丰度；分散种子的种子密度、位置和物种组成对幼苗生长、存活和种群的影响；为了更好地了解树木覆盖率与人类福祉的关系，学生将研究森林覆盖率在调节环境温度方面的作用，以及热环境如何直接（脱水、热应激）和间接（工作模式、食品安全）参与者还可以评估土地覆盖、性别和市场准入如何影响饮食模式和人类营养状况，这将涉及大量营养素和微量营养素摄入量以及成人和儿童的人体测量数据。这项跨学科研究的结果预计将阐明将生物多样性纳入农业系统如何影响生态系统功能和人类健康，从而了解人口增长、森林砍伐加剧和气候变暖如何影响气候。我们的星球和该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。