Supporting Marine Geoscience Research with ongoing Growth of the Global Multi-Resolution Topography Synthesis and Maintenance of GeoMapApp

通过不断发展的全球多分辨率地形合成和 GeoMapApp 维护来支持海洋地球科学研究

• 批准号: 1929655
• 负责人: Suzanne Carbotte
• 金额: $ 90.28万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929655&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Supporting; Marine; Geoscience; Research; ongoing

Knowledge of the depths and morphology of the seafloor is essential for many areas of marine science. The morphology of the seabed provides a record of the diverse geologic processes that affect the submarine environment including volcanic eruptions, faulting, submarine landslides and sediment transport from the continental margins. Detailed seabed bathymetry is also important for other areas of marine science research including evaluation of biological habitats, ocean circulation studies, and prediction of tsunami inundation, as well as for applied studies including fisheries and coastal resource management. Measurements of depth and morphology are now typically achieved through the use of modern swath multibeam echosounders (MBESs). However, the global ocean is vast, and only a small fraction (15%) of the seafloor has been mapped with direct measurement, and the total area that can be mapped during a typical expedition is very limited. This makes preservation of and easy access to seabed mapping data of high value to the science community. MBES data collected during research expeditions funded by the NSF are now routinely archived and accessible through public databases provided by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. However, specialist processing is needed to translate the raw expedition data into formats useful for diverse scientific and resource management applications. To help meet this need, the research team has developed the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) synthesis which is a unified compilation of spatially sparse, quality controlled gridded MBES data merged with lower resolution global-scale ocean data, high-resolution terrestrial elevation data, and a collection of gridded bathymetry datasets at resolutions of meters to hundreds of meters. GMRT is the only such global synthesis, composed of a suite of multi-resolution grids and images, which at highest resolution preserve the full resolution of the underlying data, as well as attribution and access to source data. GMRT can be accessed through a variety of tools including GeoMapApp (GMA), which is a map-based visualization application that enables users to easily visualize seafloor morphology and make custom maps, as well as to visualize and analyze many other marine data types without the need for specialist expertise. Funding for this project supports the continued development and growth of the GMRT synthesis and maintenance of the GMA data visualization and analysis tool. The overall goals of this project are to (1) continue to build the GMRT global synthesis with the processing and integration of new quality controlled MBES coverage from expeditions of the U.S. academic fleet, (2) develop the tools and workflows to enable a distributed mode of GMRT data processing, and the efficient integration of processed MBES data generated by other mapping experts within the science community into the synthesis, (3) provide support for GMA to ensure that this tool is available for GMRT and other data visualization. Broader impacts of this project include greater ease-of-access to marine geoscience data for specialists and non-specialists alike; enhanced research productivity, obviating the need for the time-consuming data processing tasks needed to obtain usable products for scientific inquiry; and facilitating broad re-use of marine geoscience data, which enhances the return on tax-payer investments in ocean science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解海底的深度和形态对于海洋科学的许多领域至关重要。海底形态记录了影响海底环境的各种地质​​过程，包括火山喷发、断层、海底滑坡和大陆边缘的沉积物迁移。详细的海底测深对于海洋科学研究的其他领域也很重要，包括生物栖息地评估、海洋环流研究和海啸淹没预测，以及渔业和沿海资源管理等应用研究。现在，深度和形态的测量通常通过使用现代测绘条多波束回声测深仪（MBES）来实现。然而，全球海洋广阔，只有一小部分（15%）的海底通过直接测量绘制了地图，并且在典型的探险过程中可以绘制的总面积非常有限。这使得保存和轻松获取对科学界具有高价值的海底测绘数据成为可能。在 NSF 资助的研究考察期间收集的 MBES 数据现在定期存档，并可通过 NOAA 国家环境信息中心提供的公共数据库进行访问。然而，需要进行专业处理，将原始探险数据转换为可用于各种科学和资源管理应用的格式。为了帮助满足这一需求，研究团队开发了全球多分辨率地形（GMRT）合成，它是空间稀疏、质量受控的网格MBES数据的统一编译，与较低分辨率的全球尺度海洋数据、高分辨率陆地高程数据合并数据，以及分辨率为米到数百米的网格测深数据集的集合。 GMRT 是唯一的此类全局综合，由一套多分辨率网格和图像组成，在最高分辨率下保留基础数据的完整分辨率，以及对源数据的归属和访问。 GMRT 可以通过多种工具访问，包括 GeoMapApp (GMA)，这是一种基于地图的可视化应用程序，使用户能够轻松可视化海底形态并制作自定义地图，以及可视化和分析许多其他海洋数据类型，而无需使用其他工具。需要专业知识。该项目的资金支持 GMRT 综合的持续开发和增长以及 GMA 数据可视化和分析工具的维护。该项目的总体目标是 (1) 继续构建 GMRT 全球综合，处理和集成美国学术舰队探险队的新质量控制 MBES 覆盖范围，(2) 开发工具和工作流程以实现分布式模式GMRT 数据处理，以及将科学界内其他制图专家生成的已处理 MBES 数据有效集成到合成中，(3) 为 GMA 提供支持，以确保该工具可用于 GMRT 和其他数据可视化。该项目的更广泛影响包括专家和非专家更容易获取海洋地球科学数据；提高研究生产力，消除获得用于科学探究的可用产品所需的耗时的数据处理任务；该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。