COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Evaluating Calcification on a Hawaiian Coral Reef Using a Novel, Solid-State Total Alkalinity and pH Sensor

合作研究：使用新型固态总碱度和 pH 传感器评估夏威夷珊瑚礁的钙化

• 批准号: 1947626
• 负责人: Christopher Sabine
• 金额: $ 43.41万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-15 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947626&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Evaluating; Calcification; Hawaiian

Changing environmental conditions, including ocean warming and ocean acidification, are having a profound impact on the chemistry of the ocean and on marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. Net Ecosystem Calcification (NEC) rate is a strong indicator of stress in coral reef systems, but the lack of sensors that can make autonomous measurements at appropriate time and space scales has limited the scientific community's ability to fully examine the factors that drive NEC changes in coral reef environments. This project addresses the sensor limitation by furthering the development of a novel technology that can measure both total alkalinity and pH every 60 seconds. The solid-state sensor design does not rely on chemical reagents that need to be replaced or pollute the environment. The utility of this novel sensor will be proven in Kaneohe Bay Hawaii, one of the most well instrumented and studied coral reef ecosystems in the world. The successful completion of this project will not only improve our understanding of the drivers of NEC variability, but will also provide the community with a new ocean acidification sensor package that could be used to characterize the ocean carbon system under a wide variety of circumstances. The improvements and documentation produced on how to build these sensors will take the community one step closer to having a commercially viable system that could be transitioned to industry. This work will help inform Hawaiian managers as well as those from other Pacific Islands with substantial coral reef structures on how to evaluate the health and growth of their reef systems. This project will also help train the next generation of ocean scientists through support of a postdoctoral associate and graduate student who will learn to apply the sensor to field measurements and ocean carbon research. The solid-state, reagentless sensor package is based on an ISFET coulometric diffusion titration. The investigators propose to build four systems to test key calcification hypotheses that can best be addressed with these new sensors. They will deploy one stationary sensor on a mooring inside Kaneohe Bay Hawaii, in close proximity to an actively growing coral reef, and one stationary sensor on a mooring outside of Kaneohe Bay that is largely representative of the waters entering the reef system. Two additional sensor packages will be mounted in a low profile surface drifter for Lagrangian studies over the reef flat between the moorings. These sensors will provide measurements of seawater carbon chemistry at a resolution and precision not previously possible. The simultaneous characterization of waters entering the reef and leaving the reef will allow the investigators to study the drivers of reef calcification over a wide range of time-scales from minutes to seasons.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

不断变化的环境条件，包括海洋变暖和海洋酸化，对海洋化学和海洋生态系统（尤其是珊瑚礁）产生了深远的影响。净生态系统钙化（NEC）速率是珊瑚礁系统压力的有力指标，但是缺乏在适当时间和空间尺度上进行自主测量的传感器限制了科学界完全检查驱动珊瑚礁环境中NEC变化的因素的能力。该项目通过进一步开发一种新型技术来解决传感器限制，该技术可以每60秒测量一次总碱度和pH。固态传感器设计不依赖需要更换或污染环境的化学试剂。这款新型传感器的实用性将在夏威夷的Kaneohe Bay夏威夷证明，夏威夷是世界上最精心设计和研究的珊瑚礁生态系统之一。该项目的成功完成不仅会提高我们对NEC变异性驱动因素的理解，而且还将为社区提供新的海洋酸化传感器套件，可用于在各种情况下用来表征海洋碳系统。关于如何构建这些传感器产生的改进和文档将使社区更接近拥有可以过渡到行业的商业可行系统的一步。这项工作将有助于告知夏威夷经理以及其他太平洋岛屿的经理，并具有有关如何评估其礁石系统健康和增长的大量珊瑚礁结构的珊瑚礁结构。该项目还将通过支持博士后同学和研究生来帮助培训下一代海洋科学家，他们将学习将传感器应用于现场测量和海洋碳研究。固态无试剂传感器封装基于ISFET库仪扩散滴定。调查人员建议建立四个系统，以测试最好通过这些新传感器来解决的关键钙化假设。他们将在夏威夷Kaneohe Bay内部的系泊台上部署一个固定的传感器，靠近积极生长的珊瑚礁，以及一个固定的传感器在Kaneohe Bay外面的系泊外，在Kaneohe Bay郊外，这在很大程度上代表了进入礁石系统的水域。在低矮的礁石之间，将两个其他传感器套件安装在低矮的表面漂移器中，以进行拉格朗日研究。这些传感器将以以前无法解决的分辨率和精度来测量海水碳化学。从几分钟到季节的各种时间标准中，研究人员同时表征进入礁石并离开珊瑚礁的水域将允许研究人员在广泛的时间标准中研究珊瑚礁钙化的驱动力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响，可以通过评估来审查Criteria通过评估来进行评估。