CAREER: Water movement in leaves and roots of C3 and C4 grasses: mechanisms, coordination and impact on whole plant growth during soil and atmospheric drought

职业：C3 和 C4 草叶和根中的水分运动：土壤和大气干旱期间对整个植物生长的机制、协调和影响

• 批准号: 1943583
• 负责人: Christine Scoffoni
• 金额: $ 89.14万
• 依托单位: California State L A University Auxiliary Services Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1943583&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Water; movement; leaves; roots; CAREER; Water; movement; leaves; roots

Two major challenges in plant sciences are to understand the mechanisms leading to the decline in plant growth during drought and pinpoint traits that enable some plants to be more drought resistant than others. Identifying these traits can help inform crop breeders in the development of drought tolerant crops. Research addressing these challenges is needed for grasses, which dominate about 40% of terrestrial surfaces and include some of the most important crops, such as cereals and forage grasses. Grasses are particularly interesting as they exhibit unique diversity in their photosynthetic machinery, and it remains unclear how this diversity relates to differences in plant water movement during soil and atmospheric drought. The goal of this research is to unravel the specific mechanisms which lead photosynthetically diverse crop grasses to decline in growth during drought and how they recover upon re-watering. This work will focus on disentangling the root and leaf responses of diverse grasses during soil and atmospheric drought using cutting-edge imaging techniques, new physiological approaches and modelling. The project will integrate a plan of research and education at a minority-serving undergraduate institution in East Los Angeles— one of the largest concentrations of ethnic minority groups in the nation. Research-like modules integrated throughout the undergraduate curriculum will expose 240 students/year to experimental design and critical thinking in plant sciences. Outreach activities led by undergraduate students will help inspire students at underserved schools of East Los Angeles into higher education and plant sciences.This project seeks to rigorously test mechanisms underlying the coordination in leaf and root hydraulic conductance of C3 and C4 grasses during soil and atmospheric drought and subsequent recovery. Three specific objectives will be carried out: (1) Determine the coordination in leaf and root hydraulic decline with stomatal conductance during dehydration and the underlying mechanisms leading to their decline; (2) Quantify the effects of grass vein anatomy and biochemistry on leaf and root hydraulic conductance during dehydration and rehydration using rice mutants; (3) Achieve a new integrated understanding of the effects of soil and atmospheric drought on leaf and root hydraulic conductance and their impact on plant growth. To carry out these objectives, a large suite of physiological and anatomical traits including leaf and root hydraulics and gas exchange and cutting-edge imaging techniques will be performed on 12 diverse C3 and C4 grasses, and 11 rice aquaporin and vein mutants and their wild type growing in a greenhouse under different soil and atmospheric drought conditions. Simulations using spatially-explicit and whole plant modelling will be employed to test the causality behind specific hypotheses. This work will create new concepts and essential data to help improve predictive models of plant growth and responses to climate change. The educational plan will help transform the experience of students at CSULA, a minority serving institution, through research-infused lectures, a Course Undergraduate Research Experience and student-led outreach activities at local underserved schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物科学的两个主要挑战是了解导致干旱期间植物生长下降的机制，并确定特征使某些植物比其他植物更具干旱性。识别这些特征可以帮助耕种者开发耐旱作物。需要研究这些挑战的研究，该挑战占据了约40％的陆地表面，其中包括一些最重要的农作物，例如谷物和草料草。草特别有趣，因为它们在光合机械中暴露了独特的多样性，而且尚不清楚这种多样性与土壤和大气干旱期间植物水运动的差异如何相关。这项研究的目的是揭示导致照片同步多样的作物草在干旱期间生长以及它们在重新浇水后如何恢复的特定机制。这项工作将着重于使用最先进的成像技术，新的物理方法和建模的土壤和大气干旱期间在土壤和大气干旱期间解开根和叶子的反应。该项目将在东洛杉矶的一个少数族裔的本科机构中整合研究和教育计划，这是美国最大的少数民族集团之一。整个本科课程中整合的类似研究的模块将使每年240名学生接触植物科学的实验设计和批判性思维。由本科生领导的外展活动将帮助启发东洛杉矶流派的学生进行高等教育和植物科学。该项目试图严格测试在土壤和大气干旱期间C3和C4草的叶片和根部水解电导的基础的机制，并进行了大气层干旱以及随后的恢复。将实现三个特定目标：（1）确定脱水过程中叶片和根部水解下降的配位，以及导致其下降的基本机制； （2）使用水稻突变体量化草静脉解剖结构和生物化学对脱水和再含水过程中叶片和根水解性的影响； （3）对土壤和大气干旱对叶子和根部水解电导的影响及其对植物生长的影响进行新的综合理解。为了实现这些目标，将在12种潜水员C3和C4草上进行一系列的物理和解剖特征，包括叶子和根水溶液以及气体交换以及最先进的成像技术，以及11种水稻通道蛋白和静脉突变体以及它们在不同的土壤和大气干燥条件下在温室中生长的野生型。使用空间解释和整个植物建模的模拟将用于测试特定假设背后的因果关系。这项工作将创建新的概念和基本数据，以帮助改善植物生长的预测模型和对气候变化的反应。该教育计划将通过研究注入研究的讲座，课程本科研究经验以及在当地服务不足的学校的学生领导的课程研究经验和学生领导的宣传活动来帮助改变学生在Csula的经验。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估通过基金会的知识绩效和广泛影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被视为诚实。