CAREER: Water movement in leaves and roots of C3 and C4 grasses: mechanisms, coordination and impact on whole plant growth during soil and atmospheric drought

职业：C3 和 C4 草叶和根中的水分运动：土壤和大气干旱期间对整个植物生长的机制、协调和影响

基本信息

批准号：
1943583
负责人：
Christine Scoffoni
金额：
$ 89.14万
依托单位：
California State L A University Auxiliary Services Inc.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1943583&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Water movement leaves roots

项目摘要

Two major challenges in plant sciences are to understand the mechanisms leading to the decline in plant growth during drought and pinpoint traits that enable some plants to be more drought resistant than others. Identifying these traits can help inform crop breeders in the development of drought tolerant crops. Research addressing these challenges is needed for grasses, which dominate about 40% of terrestrial surfaces and include some of the most important crops, such as cereals and forage grasses. Grasses are particularly interesting as they exhibit unique diversity in their photosynthetic machinery, and it remains unclear how this diversity relates to differences in plant water movement during soil and atmospheric drought. The goal of this research is to unravel the specific mechanisms which lead photosynthetically diverse crop grasses to decline in growth during drought and how they recover upon re-watering. This work will focus on disentangling the root and leaf responses of diverse grasses during soil and atmospheric drought using cutting-edge imaging techniques, new physiological approaches and modelling. The project will integrate a plan of research and education at a minority-serving undergraduate institution in East Los Angeles— one of the largest concentrations of ethnic minority groups in the nation. Research-like modules integrated throughout the undergraduate curriculum will expose 240 students/year to experimental design and critical thinking in plant sciences. Outreach activities led by undergraduate students will help inspire students at underserved schools of East Los Angeles into higher education and plant sciences.This project seeks to rigorously test mechanisms underlying the coordination in leaf and root hydraulic conductance of C3 and C4 grasses during soil and atmospheric drought and subsequent recovery. Three specific objectives will be carried out: (1) Determine the coordination in leaf and root hydraulic decline with stomatal conductance during dehydration and the underlying mechanisms leading to their decline; (2) Quantify the effects of grass vein anatomy and biochemistry on leaf and root hydraulic conductance during dehydration and rehydration using rice mutants; (3) Achieve a new integrated understanding of the effects of soil and atmospheric drought on leaf and root hydraulic conductance and their impact on plant growth. To carry out these objectives, a large suite of physiological and anatomical traits including leaf and root hydraulics and gas exchange and cutting-edge imaging techniques will be performed on 12 diverse C3 and C4 grasses, and 11 rice aquaporin and vein mutants and their wild type growing in a greenhouse under different soil and atmospheric drought conditions. Simulations using spatially-explicit and whole plant modelling will be employed to test the causality behind specific hypotheses. This work will create new concepts and essential data to help improve predictive models of plant growth and responses to climate change. The educational plan will help transform the experience of students at CSULA, a minority serving institution, through research-infused lectures, a Course Undergraduate Research Experience and student-led outreach activities at local underserved schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物科学的两个主要挑战是了解导致干旱期间植物生长下降的机制，并查明使某些植物比其他植物更耐旱的性状，识别这些性状可以帮助作物育种者开发耐旱作物。草类占陆地表面约 40%，包括一些最重要的作物，如谷物和饲料草，因此需要针对草类进行研究来解决这些挑战，因为它们在光合作用方面表现出独特的多样性。目前尚不清楚这种多样性与土壤和大气干旱期间植物水分运动的差异有何关系。这项研究的目的是揭示导致光合多样性作物草在干旱期间生长下降的具体机制以及它们如何在干旱后恢复。这项工作将侧重于利用尖端成像技术、新的生理方法和建模来解开不同草类在土壤和大气干旱期间的根部和叶子的反应。服务东部本科院校洛杉矶——全美少数族裔群体最集中的地区之一，贯穿本科生课程的研究类模块每年将让 240 名学生接触由本科生主导的植物科学实验设计和批判性思维活动，这将有助于激发灵感。该项目旨在严格测试土壤和大气干旱期间 C3 和 C4 草叶和根水力传导协调的机制以及随后的恢复。执行：(1)确定脱水过程中叶和根水力下降与气孔导度的协调性以及导致其下降的潜在机制 (2) 使用水稻突变体量化脱水和复水过程中草脉解剖和生物化学对叶和根水力导度的影响；）对土壤和大气干旱对叶和根水导率的影响及其对植物生长的影响有一个新的综合认识。为了实现这些目标，需要研究包括叶子在内的大量生理和解剖特征。根部水力学和气体交换以及尖端成像技术将使用空间模拟，对温室中不同土壤和大气干旱条件下生长的 12 种不同的 C3 和 C4 草以及 11 种水稻水通道蛋白和叶脉突变体及其野生型进行。将采用明确的全植物模型来测试特定假设背后的因果关系，这项工作将创建新的概念和基本数据，以帮助改进植物生长和气候变化响应的预测模型。 CSULA 是一家少数族裔服务机构，通过充满研究的讲座、本科生研究经验课程以及学生主导的在当地服务不足的学校开展的外展活动。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和知识进行评估，被认为值得支持。更广泛的影响审查标准。