The Northwestern North Atlantic: Continuing a Retrospective Analysis of Observations from the CMV Oleander on the Shelf and Slope

北大西洋西北部：继续对陆架和斜坡上的 CMV 夹竹桃观测进行回顾性分析

• 批准号: 1924041
• 负责人: Magdalena Andres
• 金额: $ 30.01万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1924041&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Northwestern; North; Atlantic; Continuing; Retrospective

The shelves along the northeastern U.S. have been highlighted as a hotspot of sea level rise and ocean warming with strong interannual to decadal variability superimposed on a mean trend. These changes have important implications for both climate and commercial fisheries. The study will examine this variability in the northwestern North Atlantic over the continental shelf and upper slope. It will use long-duration observations collected by the CMV Oleander, a commercial volunteer observing ship, whose route regularly crosses four important regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) shelf, the Slope Sea, the Gulf Stream, and the Sargasso Sea. The crossings occur once a week during the vessel's scheduled roundtrip transits between New Jersey and Bermuda. This work will utilize the existing, complete Oleander datasets covering the period 1992 - 2018 and the analysis will focus on the interannual variability on the MAB shelf and over the upper slope. This is the continuation of an earlier project and it will support the completion of a graduate student's Ph.D. research. The data products derived from the Oleander observations will be made available to the science community via existing Oleander Program websites.The CMV Oleander has collected temperature cross-sections of the shelf and upper slope (spanning 42 years), surface temperature and salinity measurements (spanning 42 years), and velocity sections (spanning 28 years) with expendable bathythermographs (XBTs), bucket measurements and a thermosalinograph (TSG), and shipboard acoustic current Doppler profilers (ADCPs). This data set is unique in terms of its high resolution, extended duration over multiple decades, and co-located temperature and velocity observations. By combining these data with auxiliary in situ and remote-sensing datasets, the project will investigate the processes that drive the low-frequency variability in shelf temperature, shelf break jet and slope jet velocity structure and transport, with a focus on the physical mechanisms underlying the variability of the last 28 years. This study also will investigate whether the slope jet, noted in some previous research but not yet well-explored, is a regular or an ephemeral feature in the Oleander data set. In addition, a new suite of scientific instrumentation (including salinity profiles) is currently outfitted on the new ship commissioned to replace the old one. As part of this study, the investigators will oversee the transition of instrumentation packages as to ensure continuity in data collection quality and seamless extension of the already collected time-series into the future, suitable for capturing interannual and decadal ocean changes on the shelf and slope. Emphasis will be placed on comparing the results from the old platform with the new measurements of salinity and velocity profiles over the region. The variability to be studied links open-ocean (Gulf Stream, Deep Western Boundary Current, and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, AMOC) to shelf phenomena (Middle Atlantic Bight shelf circulation, shelf break jet dynamics, and ecosystem dynamics). Results from the prior project have been (and new results will be) presented in both climate (AMOC) and continental shelf (Middle Atlantic Bight Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, MABPOM) workshops.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国东北部的陆架被认为是海平面上升和海洋变暖的热点地区，具有强烈的年际至十年间的变化，叠加在平均趋势上。这些变化对气候和商业渔业都有重要影响。该研究将研究北大西洋西北部大陆架和上坡的这种变化。它将使用 CMV Oleander 收集的长期观测数据，CMV Oleander 是一艘商业志愿观测船，其航线定期穿越北大西洋的四个重要区域 - 中大西洋湾 (MAB) 大陆架、斜坡海、墨西哥湾流和马尾藻海。在该船定期往返新泽西和百慕大期间，每周进行一次过境。这项工作将利用涵盖 1992 年至 2018 年期间的现有完整 Oleander 数据集，分析将重点关注 MAB 陆架和上坡的年际变化。这是早期项目的延续，它将支持研究生完成博士学位。研究。来自夹竹桃观测的数据产品将通过现有的夹竹桃计划网站向科学界提供。CMV 夹竹桃收集了陆架和上坡的温度横截面（跨越 42 年）、表面温度和盐度测量值（跨越42 年）和速度剖面（跨越 28 年），配有消耗式深海温度计 (XBT)、水桶测量和热盐计 (TSG)，以及船上声电流多普勒轮廓仪 (ADCP)。该数据集的独特之处在于其高分辨率、长达数十年的持续时间以及同一地点的温度和速度观测。通过将这些数据与辅助现场和遥感数据集相结合，该项目将研究驱动陆架温度、陆架破裂射流和斜坡射流速度结构和传输的低频变化的过程，重点是潜在的物理机制过去28年的变化。这项研究还将调查以前的一些研究中注意到但尚未充分探索的斜坡射流是夹竹桃数据集中的常规特征还是短暂特征。此外，新船上目前还配备了一套新的科学仪器（包括盐度剖面），以取代旧船。作为这项研究的一部分，研究人员将监督仪器包的过渡，以确保数据收集质量的连续性，并将已收集的时间序列无缝扩展到未来，适合捕获大陆架和斜坡上的年际和十年间海洋变化。重点将放在比较旧平台的结果与该地区盐度和速度剖面的新测量结果。要研究的变异性将公海（墨西哥湾流、深西边界流和大西洋经向翻转环流，AMOC）与陆架现象（中大西洋湾陆架环流、陆架断裂急流动力学和生态系统动力学）联系起来。先前项目的结果已在气候 (AMOC) 和大陆架（中大西洋湾物理海洋学和气象学，MABPOM）研讨会上展示（并且新的结果将在研讨会上展示）。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得支持通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

Characteristics of an Advective Marine Heatwave in the Middle Atlantic Bight in Early 2017

2017年初大西洋中湾平流海洋热浪特征

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00712
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Gawarkiewicz, Glen;Chen, Ke;Forsyth, Jacob;Bahr, Frank;Mercer, Anna M.;Ellertson, Aubrey;Fratantoni, Paula;Seim, Harvey;Haines, Sara;Han, Lu
• 通讯作者: Han, Lu

Shelfbreak Jet Structure and Variability off New Jersey Using Ship of Opportunity Data From the CMV Oleander

使用来自 CMV Oleander 的机会船数据研究新泽西州附近的搁架喷气机结构和变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jc016455
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Forsyth, Jacob;Andres, Magdalena;Gawarkiewicz, Glen
• 通讯作者: Gawarkiewicz, Glen

The Impact of Warm Core Rings on Middle Atlantic Bight Shelf Temperature and Shelf Break Velocity

温暖的核心环对大西洋中部湾陆架温度和陆架破裂速度的影响

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017759
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Forsyth, Jacob;Gawarkiewicz, Glen;Andres, Magdalena
• 通讯作者: Andres, Magdalena

Understanding physical drivers of the 2015/16 marine heatwaves in the Northwest Atlantic

了解西北大西洋 2015/16 海洋热浪的物理驱动因素

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97012-0
• 发表时间: 2021-09-02
• 期刊: Scientific Reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Perez E;Ryan S;Andres M;Gawarkiewicz G;Ummenhofer CC;Bane J;Haines S
• 通讯作者: Haines S