SG: Impacts of Long-Term Warming on Plant and Microbial Control of Soil Carbon Cycling

SG：长期变暖对土壤碳循环的植物和微生物控制的影响

• 批准号: 1936195
• 负责人: Stephanie Kivlin
• 金额: $ 19.07万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1936195&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SG; Impacts; Long; Term; Warming

Soils contain twice as much carbon (C) as other terrestrial sources. This subterranean C is mostly generated by plants and degraded by soil-dwelling microorganisms. The balance of plant input and microbial degradation determines how much C is stored below-ground versus released to the atmosphere. Plant-microbe interactions may therefore hold the key to mitigating C release into the atmosphere in a changing world. The environmental controls over how much C is stored in soil versus released to the atmosphere are unknown. This research leverages NSF-funded infrastructure that induced 30 years of continuous warming to understand how temperature affects plants and microorganisms, and the long-term soil C turnover that they mediate. The project will provide training opportunities for a laboratory technician as well as an early-career assistant professor, both female. In addition, the research will be integrated into the K-12 "Biology in a Box" program to create a module on below-ground plant-microbe interactions. The project has global importance as rising temperatures occur in ecosystems on earth. This research will enhance ecological forecasts and predictive models of ecosystem response at the global scale.Microbial and ecosystem ecologists aim to connect shifts in plant and microbial community composition and physiology to subsequent changes in ecosystem functions such as C and nutrient cycling. Understanding long-term imprints of plant and microbial communities and associated soil C cycling under global change is paramount for predicting future global soil C stocks. By combining ecosystem-level measurements of soil C pools and fluxes with simultaneous measurements of plant physiology, abundance, and traits as well as microbial abundance, composition, and function in the longest continuously running soil warming experiment, this project will collect one of the most comprehensive data sets linking plant and microbial influence on soil C storage under global change. In addition, this research will use estimates of plant and microbial chemical fingerprints to detect their impacts on soil C pools and longevity in response to warming across soil depths. These data are necessary to project future soil C storage in a warmer climate. If microbial communities acclimate or adapt their genetic repertoire or functional gene expression rates under long-term warming, then short-term observations of microbial C cycling in response to warming are inadequate for forward projections of soil C stocks. Therefore, model projections of future soil C stocks that are predicated on short-term (5-10 year) microbial responses to warming likely predict larger C losses than may actually occur. Only by understanding the mechanisms controlling soil C cycling can we make accurate process-based ecosystem models of terrestrial C fluxes in the future.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

土壤含有的碳（C）是其他陆地源的两倍。该地下C主要由植物产生，并由土壤栖息的微生物降解。植物输入和微生物降解的平衡决定了在地下下方存储了多少c，而释放到大气中。因此，植物 - 微生物相互作用可能是减轻C释放到不断变化的世界大气中的关键。环境控制在土壤中存储了多少C与释放到大气中的环境尚不清楚。这项研究利用了NSF资助的基础设施，该基础设施引起了30年的连续变暖，以了解温度如何影响植物和微生物，以及它们介导的长期土壤C周转。该项目将为实验室技术员以及女性的早期职业助理教授提供培训机会。此外，该研究将集成到K-12“盒子中的生物学”程序中，以在地下植物 - 微生物相互作用上创建一个模块。该项目具有全球重要性，因为地球上的生态系统中的温度升高。这项研究将在全球范围内增强生态系统反应的生态预测和预测模型。Microbial和生态系统生态学家的目的是将植物和微生物群落组成和生理学的变化与生态系统功能的随后变化联系起来，例如C和营养循环。了解在全球变化下的植物和微生物群落以及相关的土壤C循环的长期烙印对于预测未来的全球土壤C种群至关重要。通过将土壤C池和通量的生态系统水平的测量与植物生理学，丰富性和性状的同时测量以及微生物丰度，组成和功能相结合，在最长的持续运行土壤变暖实验中，该项目将收集最全面的植物和微生物对土壤的影响。此外，这项研究将利用植物和微生物化学指纹的估计值来检测它们对土壤C池和寿命的影响，以应对整个土壤深度的变暖。这些数据对于在温暖的气候下投射未来的土壤C存储是必需的。如果微生物群落在长期变暖下适应或适应其遗传库或功能基因表达率，那么对于响应变暖而对微生物C循环的短期观察对于土壤C种群的正向投影不足。因此，以短期（5 - 10年）对变暖的微生物反应为基础的未来土壤C种群的模型预测可能会预测比实际情况更大的C损失。只有了解控制土壤C循环的机制，我们才能在未来的陆地C通量中获得基于过程的生态系统模型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Climate Disruption of Plant-Microbe Interactions

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-090819
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
• 作者: Jennifer A. Rudgers;Michelle E. Afkhami;Lukas Bell-Dereske;Y. A. Chung;K. Crawford;S. Kivlin;Michael Mann;Martin A. Nuñez

Weak latitudinal gradients in insect herbivory for dominant rangeland grasses of North America

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6374
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Dylan R. Kent;J. Lynn;S. Pennings;Lara Souza;Melinda D. Smith;Jennifer A. Rudgers

The Utility of Macroecological Rules for Microbial Biogeography

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.633155
• 发表时间: 2021-04-01
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Dickey, Jonathan R.;Swenie, Rachel A.;Kivlin, Stephanie N.
• 通讯作者: Kivlin, Stephanie N.

The future of microbial ecological niche theory and modeling

微生物生态位理论和建模的未来

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.17373
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: New Phytologist
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Kivlin, Stephanie N.;Hawkes, Christine V.;Papeş, Monica;Treseder, Kathleen K.;Averill, Colin
• 通讯作者: Averill, Colin

Coupling of plant and mycorrhizal fungal diversity: its occurrence, relevance, and possible implications under global change

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.17954
• 发表时间: 2022-01-29
• 期刊: NEW PHYTOLOGIST
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Fei, Songlin;Kivlin, Stephanie N.;Phillips, Richard P.
• 通讯作者: Phillips, Richard P.