Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and floral ecological-evolutionary-developmental studies in Mariposa lilies and relatives (Calochortus, Liliaceae)

马里波萨百合及其近缘种（Calochortus、百合科）的系统发育、历史生物地理学和花卉生态进化发育研究

基本信息

批准号：
1929318
负责人：
Chelsea Specht
金额：
$ 83.25万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929318&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Phylogeny historical biogeography floral ecological

项目摘要

Mariposa lilies and relatives (Calochortus, family Liliaceae) are a genus of roughly 80 species of bulbous herbs. Most Calochortus species are found in California but the group can also be found in other parts of western North America and Central America. Calochortus species occur in diverse habitats and have repeatedly evolved four striking floral syndromes (mariposas, cat's ears, star tulips, fairy lanterns) marked by differences in flower shape, color, hairiness, and whether flowers are nodding or erect. Most species are individually restricted to narrow geographic areas, and 25% are associated with serpentine soils. This project will examine the forces that have shaped both differences in flower appearance of this charismatic group and driven their geographic spread across the western US. The researchers will test theories for how different habitats may favor the different four floral syndromes, and evaluate whether the same or different genes or genetic pathways underlie the development of similar floral syndromes. The study will provide unique insights into the evolution of biological diversity by integrating ecology, evolution, genomics, development, and biogeography. Two post-doctoral researchers, two graduate students, and three undergraduates will be trained in diverse molecular biology, developmental and evolutionary techniques. Results from the study will be disseminated to the public via popular articles, outreach to K-12 teachers and students, and by developing teaching materials for a college-level laboratory study on floral evolution and California biogeography. Public displays on Calochortus diversity will be exhibited at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden and Cornell Botanic Gardens. A field course will provide college students with hands-on experience involving natural history collections, bioinformatics, and comparative biology. A multimedia presentation will be developed and shown on public TV, with excerpts posted on YouTube. All data will be made available publicly, including a database and dedicated website for the extensive genomic resources that will be developed. This project will develop Calochortus as a model for macro- and microevolutionary studies by: (1) sequencing 350 low-copy nuclear loci and whole plastid genomes to derive fully resolved, strongly supported phylogenies; (2) reconstructing trait evolution, climatic niche shifts, and historical biogeography, including investigating the implications of an apparent ring species complex in the Bay Area clade; (3) testing geographic-speciation theory by determining whether sister taxa show a significant tendency to have abutting/nearby ranges; and (4) conducting floral ecological-evolutionary-developmental studies that examine the genetic, developmental, and ecological bases for the cat's-ear and fairy-lantern floral syndromes. Researchers will use analyses of selection on candidate genes, gene expression and evolution of genetic networks, functional gene analysis through CRISPR genome editing and comparative studies of developmental allometry, climatic niches, and genomic data to better understand the mechanisms driving the recurrent evolution of floral traits in specific environmental contexts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Mariposa 百合及其近缘种（Calochortus，百合科）是大约 80 种球根草本植物的一个属。大多数 Calochortus 物种发现于加利福尼亚州，但该类群也可以在北美西部和中美洲的其他地区发现。 Calochortus 物种出现在不同的栖息地，并反复进化出四种引人注目的花卉综合症（蝴蝶花、猫耳花、星形郁金香、仙女灯笼），其特点是花形、颜色、毛羽以及花朵是否下垂或直立。大多数物种都单独局限于狭窄的地理区域，其中 25% 与蛇纹土有关。该项目将研究影响这一魅力群体的花朵外观差异并推动其在美国西部地理传播的力量。研究人员将测试不同的栖息地如何有利于不同的四种花卉综合症的理论，并评估相同或不同的基因或遗传途径是否是类似花卉综合症发展的基础。该研究将通过整合生态学、进化、基因组学、发育和生物地理学，为生物多样性的进化提供独特的见解。两名博士后研究人员、两名研究生和三名本科生将接受不同分子生物学、发育和进化技术的培训。该研究的结果将通过热门文章、对 K-12 教师和学生的宣传以及为大学水平的花卉进化和加州生物地理学实验室研究开发教材的方式向公众传播。关于 Calochortus 多样性的公共展示将在圣安娜牧场植物园和康奈尔植物园展出。实地课程将为大学生提供涉及自然历史收藏、生物信息学和比较生物学的实践经验。将制作多媒体演示文稿并在公共电视上播放，节选内容将发布在 YouTube 上。所有数据都将公开提供，包括数据库和专门网站，用于将开发的广泛基因组资源。该项目将通过以下方式将 Calochortus 开发为宏观和微观进化研究的模型：(1) 对 350 个低拷贝核基因座和整个质体基因组进行测序，以获得完全解析的、强有力支持的系统发育；（2）重建性状演化、气候生态位变化和历史生物地理学，包括研究湾区进化枝中明显的环物种复合体的影响；（3）通过确定姊妹类群是否表现出毗邻/邻近范围的显着趋势来检验地理物种理论； (4) 进行花卉生态进化发育研究，研究猫耳花和仙女灯花综合症的遗传、发育和生态基础。研究人员将利用对候选基因选择、基因表达和遗传网络进化的分析、通过CRISPR基因组编辑进行的功能基因分析以及发育异速生长、气候生态位和基因组数据的比较研究，以更好地了解驱动花性状轮回进化的机制该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。