Collaborative Research: Processes that Regulate Vertical Accelerations in Supercell Updrafts

合作研究：调节超级单体上升气流中垂直加速度的过程

• 批准号: 1928319
• 负责人: Christopher Nowotarski
• 金额: $ 43.78万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1928319&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Processes; Regulate; Vertical

The especially intense updrafts in supercell thunderstorms facilitate the production of large hail, tornadoes, extreme rainfall rates, and prolific lightning. As a result of their great impacts on society, considerable research efforts are warranted to better understand and predict the environmental factors that contribute to the vertical accelerations that give way to supercells' impressive updrafts. This collaborative research effort will utilize numerous, innovative high-resolution numerical modeling experiments coupled with observational datasets in order to understand the forcing for supercell updrafts at various heights over a range of realistic near-storm environments. Thus, this work has tangible broader impacts to society through its potential to improve understanding and forecasting of supercell thunderstorms and their related hazards as well as through training of a new generation of scientists. Motivated by a current lack of comprehensive understanding in these areas, this research will investigate the following scientific questions: (1) How do low-level stability, low-level shear, and low-level storm-relative flow conspire to determine a storm's effective inflow layer? (2) How do concurrent changes in low-level stability and shear, as occurs during the evening transition, influence the ratio of air ingested from different layers and the vertical profiles of buoyant and dynamic pressure accelerations in the lower portion of a supercell updraft? (3) How might the connection between storm-relative flow and updraft width influence an updraft's profile of buoyant and dynamic vertical accelerations? These questions will be answered using numerical simulations with a range of realism from highly idealized to real-data simulations of observed storms, wherein quantities such as the effective inflow layer, updraft forcing, and entrainment will be compared and verified via dual-Doppler radar observations when available.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

超级电池雷暴中特别激烈的上升气流有助于产生大冰雹，龙卷风，极端降雨速率和多产的闪电。由于它们对社会的巨大影响，有必要更好地理解和预测有助于垂直加速的环境因素，从而让位于超级电池令人印象深刻的上升。这项协作研究工作将利用众多创新的高分辨率数值建模实验以及观察数据集，以了解在一系列现实的近乎近似环境的各个高度的超级校友上升气流的强迫。因此，这项工作通过改善对超级电池雷暴及其相关危害的理解和预测以及通过培训新一代科学家的潜力，对社会产生了更明显的广泛影响。由于目前在这些领域缺乏全面的了解的激励，这项研究将研究以下科学问题：（1）低水平稳定性，低级剪切和低级风暴相关流程如何确定风暴的有效流入层？ （2）在晚上过渡期间发生的低水平稳定性和剪切的并发变化如何影响从不同层中摄入的空气和浮力和动态压力加速度的垂直曲线的比率？ （3）风暴相关流和上升宽度之间的联系如何影响上升气流的浮力和动态垂直加速度的轮廓？ 这些问题将使用数值模拟来回答，并具有一系列现实主义，从高度理想化到对观察到的风暴的真实模拟，其中诸如有效的流入层，上升强迫和夹带的数量将通过双重拼合雷达观察进行比较和验证。在可用的情况下，这些奖项反映了NSF的合法传统和众多的依据，该概述是通过智力构建的依据来进行的。 标准。

项目成果

Are Supercells Resistant to Entrainment because of Their Rotation?

超级细胞是否因其旋转而能抵抗夹带？

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-19-0316.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Peters, John M.;Nowotarski, Christopher J.;Mullendore, Gretchen L.
• 通讯作者: Mullendore, Gretchen L.

The Influence of Shear on Deep Convection Initiation. Part I: Theory

切变对深层对流引发的影响。

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-21-0145.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Peters, John M.;Morrison, Hugh;Nelson, T. Connor;Marquis, James N.;Mulholland, Jake P.;Nowotarski, Christopher J.
• 通讯作者: Nowotarski, Christopher J.

Evaluating the Effective Inflow Layer of Simulated Supercell Updrafts

评估模拟超级单体上升气流的有效流入层

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0013.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Nowotarski, Christopher J.;Peters, John M.;Mulholland, Jake P.
• 通讯作者: Mulholland, Jake P.

A Formula for the Maximum Vertical Velocity in Supercell Updrafts

超级单体上升气流中最大垂直速度的公式

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0103.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Peters, John M.;Morrison, Hugh;Nowotarski, Christopher J.;Mulholland, Jake P.;Thompson, Richard L.
• 通讯作者: Thompson, Richard L.

The Early Evening Transition in Southeastern U.S. Tornado Environments

美国东南部龙卷风环境的傍晚过渡

• DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-20-0191.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Weather and Forecasting
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Brown, Matthew C.;Nowotarski, Christopher J.;Dean, Andrew R.;Smith, Bryan T.;Thompson, Richard L.;Peters, John M.
• 通讯作者: Peters, John M.