NNA Track 1: Landscape evolution and adapting to change in ice-rich permafrost systems

NNA 轨道 1：地貌演变和适应富含冰的永久冻土系统的变化

• 批准号: 1928237
• 负责人: Donald Walker
• 金额: $ 300万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1928237&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NNA; Track; Landscape; evolution; adapting

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, and integrates the co-production of knowledge. This award fulfills part of that aim.Ice-rich permafrost is ground that is frozen all year round for two or more years and contains particularly large amounts of water that will be released upon thawing. This ice is the element of Arctic landscapes most susceptible to climate warming. Nearly 50% of the Arctic has ice-rich permafrost. For example, the upper 4-5 meters of the land along Alaska's northern coast contains an estimated 77% ice. Thawing of ice-rich permafrost affects entire arctic ecosystems and makes the ground unstable to build upon. Thus, ice-rich permafrost is conceived as having a role similar to that of a 'keystone species' in ecology, whereby if the keystone element is removed or drastically reduced, the entire system is radically changed. To better understand the intricate connections between the ice-rich permafrost and the larger arctic human-ecological system, this project is exploring how differences in climate, snow, water, level of disturbance, and time influence the accumulation and loss of ground ice in permafrost landscapes and how people and their infrastructure can adapt to changing ice-rich permafrost. The goal is to understand ice-rich permafrost at local, regional, and circumpolar scales. The project will focus in the Prudhoe Bay oilfield and the village of Point Lay, Alaska, where permafrost temperatures are changing rapidly and there are large impacts to ecosystems, industrial infrastructure, and local communities. Both areas contain excellent examples of ice-rich permafrost-related problems relevant to many other areas of Alaska and circumpolar Arctic, so the work will have broad applications elsewhere. Three ice-rich permafrost observatories are proposed: 1) a Roadside Ice-rich Permafrost Observatory in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield; 2) a Natural Ice-rich Permafrost Observatory remote from infrastructure; and 3) a Village Ice-rich Permafrost Observatory at Point Lay. Ground-level observations of ground ice, hydrology, vegetation, and greenhouse-gas fluxes are being conducted and remote sensing is being used to measure and monitor changes from space. Much of the response to infrastructure damage caused by severe thermokarst (thaw-related subsidence of the ground surface) is repair and stabilization of existing structures. There is an immediate need to develop more strategic approaches to mitigate damage and adapt to change. Point Lay, Alaska, is experiencing some of the most severe ice-rich permafrost-related impacts of any place in the Arctic but has received relatively little research and agency attention. Researchers from the University of Alaska's Institute of Arctic Biology, Institute of Northern Engineering, and Geophysical Institute are working together with the Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC), the Point Lay community, the Regional Housing Authority, and North Slope Borough to address these issues. Wherever possible the team are using local experience with ice-rich permafrost to help develop housing strategies relevant to many arctic villages facing similar impacts. The project partners are working with local residents, government agencies, the oil industry, and the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to develop best practices for road and house construction and related education materials. A post-doctoral student, a graduate student, and two undergraduate students will be part of the research team. The results will be communicated to circumpolar communities and the broader public and through the Rapid Arctic Transitions due to Infrastructure and Climate (RATIC) action group of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) and the Terrestrial Multidisciplinary distributed Observatories for the Study of Arctic Connections (T-MOSAiC).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

NSF的10个大创意之一是导航新北极（NNA）。 NNA项目应对北极快速变化的融合科学挑战。需要进行北极研究，以告知国家，较大地区和全球的经济，安全和弹性。 NNA赋予从本地量表到国际规模的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，并整合了知识的共同生产。该奖项实现了该目标的一部分。冰富的多年冻土是全年冻结两年或更长时间的地面，其中包含特别大量的水，这些水将在解冻后释放。这种冰是北极景观的元素，最容易受到气候变暖的影响。近50％的北极具有富含冰块的冰冻。例如，沿阿拉斯加北部海岸沿线的土地上的4-5米估计含有77％的冰。充满冰块的永久冻土的解冻会影响整个北极生态系统，并使地面不稳定。因此，富含冰块的永久冻土被认为具有与生态学中“基石物种”相似的作用，因此，如果取出基石元件或大幅度降低了键性元素，则整个系统会发生根本改变。为了更好地理解富含冰块的多年冻土与较大的北极人生态系统之间的复杂联系，该项目正在探索气候，雪，水，干扰水平以及时间如何影响多年冻土景观中的地面冰的积累和损失，以及人们及其基础设施如何适应改变冰块富含冰块的冰冻弗洛斯特。目的是了解局部，区域和极度尺度的富含冰的多年冻土。该项目将重点放在普鲁德霍湾油田和阿拉斯加的Point Lay村，那里的多年冻土温度正在迅速发生变化，并且对生态系统，工业基础设施和当地社区产生了很大的影响。这两个领域都包含与阿拉斯加许多其他地区和圆形北极地区许多其他领域相关的与冰块富含冰冻相关的问题的极好例子，因此该工作将在其他地方具有广泛的应用。提出了三个富含冰块的多年冻土观测值：1）Prudhoe Bay油田中的路边冰的多年冻土天文台； 2）远离基础设施的天然富含冰块的冰冻天文台遥控器； 3）点的乡村冰含量丰富的多年冻土天文台。正在进行地面冰，水文学，植被和温室气体通量的地面观测，并使用遥感来测量和监视空间的变化。严重热力学（地面上与融化相关的沉降）对基础设施损害的大部分反应是现有结构的修复和稳定。迫切需要开发更多的战略方法来减轻损害并适应变化。 Alaska Point Lay正在经历北极任何地方最严重的冰冰有关的某些最严重的冰冻相关影响，但受到了相对较少的研究和代理的关注。阿拉斯加大学北极生物学研究所，北部工程研究所和地球物理研究所的研究人员正在与寒冷的气候住房研究中心（CCHRC），Point Lay社区，区域住房管理局和北Slope Borough合作，以解决这些问题。团队在可能的情况下利用当地的经验丰富的永久冻土，以帮助制定与许多面临类似影响的北极村庄相关的住房策略。项目合作伙伴正在与当地居民，政府机构，石油行业以及阿拉斯加运输和公共设施合作，以开发道路和房屋建设和相关教育材料的最佳实践。博士后生，一名研究生和两名本科生将成为研究团队的一员。结果将通过国际北极科学委员会（IASC）的基础架构和气候（Ratic）行动小组（IASC）和陆地多学科分布式观测值进行的基础设施和气候（RATIC）行动小组，将结果传达给近极社区，更广泛的公众，并通过北极的快速过渡进行传播。基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响评论标准。

项目成果

Yedoma Cryostratigraphy of Recently Excavated Sections of the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel Near Fairbanks, Alaska

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.758800
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Southeastern Archaeology
• 作者: M. Kanevskiy;Y. Shur;N. Bigelow;K. Bjella;T. Douglas;David H. Fortier;B. Jones;M. Jorgenson

Tundra greenness

苔原绿度

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0086
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Frost, G. V.

A raster version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111297
• 发表时间: 2019-10-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: Raynolds, Martha K.;Walker, Donald A.;Troeva, Elena
• 通讯作者: Troeva, Elena

Consequences of permafrost degradation for Arctic infrastructure – bridging the model gap between regional and engineering scales

• DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-2451-2021
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Cryosphere
• 作者: Thomas Schneider von Deimling;Hanna Lee;T. Ingeman‐Nielsen;S. Westermann;V. Romanovsky;S. Lamoureux;D. Walker;S. Chadburn;E. Trochim;L. Cai;Jan Nitzbon;S. Jacobi;M. Langer

Yedoma Permafrost Genesis: Over 150 Years of Mystery and Controversy

耶多玛永久冻土层的起源：150 多年的谜团和争议

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.757891
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Shur, Yuri;Fortier, Daniel;Jorgenson, M. Torre;Kanevskiy, Mikhail;Schirrmeister, Lutz;Strauss, Jens;Vasiliev, Alexander;Ward Jones, Melissa
• 通讯作者: Ward Jones, Melissa