Belmont Forum Collaborative Research: Biodiversity Scenarios: Towards monitoring, understanding and forecasting Global Biomass flows of Aerial Migrants

贝尔蒙特论坛合作研究：生物多样性情景：监测、理解和预测空中移民的全球生物质流动

• 批准号: 1927743
• 负责人: Andrew Farnsworth
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1927743&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Belmont; Forum; Collaborative; Research; Biodiversity

Innovative research on the complex interaction of socio-economic and global environmental trends on biodiversity and ecosystem services is needed to help develop more informative scenarios for addressing environmental and human development challenges. To overcome these challenges coupled natural-human systems approaches and analyses are needed. These provide improved scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services that couple the outputs of direct and indirect drivers such as land use, invasive species, overexploitation, biodiversity, environmental change, and pollution. The resulting models provide a methodological state-of-the art that results in more accurate quantitative assessments, better land use, and more effective ecosystem services. Employing this methodology, this research project, which is an international coalition between US scientists and five European nations, seeks to quantify the magnitude, spatial extent and timing of aerial migrations (birds and insects), and their functional relations to environmental and socio-economic variables. Migratory bird and insect populations involve thousands of tons of animal biomass that move through the air within and across continents at various times of the year. Migratory flying animals play significant roles in shaping ecosystems through a variety of transport and trophic effects that also represent services and disservices to human infrastructure, agriculture, and welfare. This project reveals the role these organisms have in shaping the diversity of ecological communities, as well as providing information to allow the better utilization of their related ecosystems services and reducing their negative impacts. This requires the tracking and quantification of these species and their movements across continents, i.e. over large spatial and temporal scales. This study investigates past changes in important drivers of change such as climate; the expansion of urban areas; deployment of energy infrastructure, like wind farms; and changes in land use/agriculture. Data and results will be modeled to develop projections for future changes under environmental and human-induces scenarios. Current and archived radar data of biomasses of aerial migrants will be used. Drivers resulting in changes in patterns of migrations and local ecosystem function will be used to develop behavior-based models for generating predictions under future changes. The broader impacts of this work include international collaboration with scientists from five other countries (UK, Belgium, The Netherlands, Finland, and Switzerland), the generation of data to improve policy and resource management decisions, and information to help reduce airplane damage from bird strikes. Other impacts include training a postdoctoral scholar in interdisciplinary, international, team-oriented, collaborative research and the creation of new software that allows others to process data on aerial migrations in terms of variables such as weather, climate, land use, wind, and light.This award supports US researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a coalition of 26 funding agencies from 23 countries through the Belmont Forum call for proposals on "Scenarios of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". The call was a multilateral initiative designed to support research projects that contribute to the development of scenarios, models, and decision-support tools for understanding and solving critical issues facing our planet. The goal of the competition was to improve and apply participatory scenario methods to enhance research relevance and its acceptance and to address gaps in methods for modelling impact drivers and policy interventions. It was also to develop and communicate levels of uncertainty associated with the models, to improve data accessibility and fill gaps in knowledge. Using this methodology, this major international effort between the US and five European countries will addresses challenging and pressing biodiversity issues related to aerial migratory species (birds and insects) across scales from local to continental. For the project, each country will fund its own scientists and their part of the overall project. The interdisciplinary team consists of ecologists, meteorologists, and computer scientists who will use the existing infrastructure of continental weather (and other) radars to generate a standardized large-scale, long-term monitoring of migratory aerial biomass flows, as well as develop sustainable data and analytical infrastructure and workflows that that can be used by other present and future stakeholders. Motivation for this study comes from the fact that aerial migratory animals are an integral component of biodiversity and have been declining at an alarming rate. Identifying their response to climatic and land-use changes, light pollution and wind energy development is fundamental for efficient conservation and mitigation of human-wildlife conflicts. Thus, this research links various stakeholders from scientists to meteorologists to conservation practitioners and policy makers and to the wind energy sector and aviation safety. Goas are to develop (a) standard long-term and large-scale monitoring of aerial migrations; (b) information to feed policies associated with the proliferation of artificial light; (c) establish aerial migratory species death-mitigation procedures for wind energy installations and aircraft; and (d) policies for conservation of crucial (aerial) habitat, migratory locations, and major migration time-periods that are essential for sustaining migratory populations. Research will entail quantifying the magnitude, spatial extent, and timing of aerial migrations; understanding their (functional) relations with environmental and socio-economic variables; and projecting the consequences of future changes in these variables on migratory populations. This will be achieved by retrieving biological information from weather radar networks using methods that rely on machine learning and statistical analyses to quantify biomass flows of aerial migrants in Europe and North America. It will also estimate the role of migrants in ecosystem functioning and how aerial migratory biomass flows is impacted by external human induced variables.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

需要对生物多样性和生态系统服务的社会经济和全球环境趋势的复杂相互作用的创新研究，以帮助开发更有用的方案，以应对环境和人类发展挑战。为了克服这些挑战，需要进行自然人类系统的方法和分析。这些提供了改进的生物多样性和生态系统服务方案，这些方案将直接和间接驱动因素的输出（例如土地使用，入侵物种，过度开发，生物多样性，环境变化和污染）融为一体。最终的模型提供了一种方法上的最先进，可导致更准确的定量评估，更好的土地利用和更有效的生态系统服务。该研究项目采用这种方法，是美国科学家与五个欧洲国家之间的国际联盟，旨在量化空中迁移（鸟类和昆虫）的规模，空间范围和时机，以及它们与环境和社会经济变量的功能关系。迁徙鸟类和昆虫种群涉及成千上万的动物生物量，这些动物生物量在一年中的不同时间内和跨大洲的空气中移动。迁徙动物在通过各种运输和营养效应来塑造生态系统方面发挥着重要作用，这些影响也代表了对人类基础设施，农业和福利的服务和损害。该项目揭示了这些生物体在塑造生态社区多样性方面的作用，并提供信息以更好地利用其相关的生态系统服务并减少其负面影响。这需要对这些物种及其在大陆的运动进行跟踪和量化，即在大空间和时间尺度上。这项研究调查了重要变化驱动因素（例如气候）的变化。城市地区的扩张；能源基础设施的部署，例如风电场；和土地使用/农业的变化。数据和结果将建立建模，以开发环境和人类诱导场景下的未来变化的预测。将使用空中移民生物量的当前和存档的雷达数据。导致迁移模式变化和本地生态系统功能的驱动因素将用于开发基于行为的模型，以在未来变化下产生预测。这项工作的更广泛影响包括与其他五个国家（英国，比利时，荷兰，芬兰和瑞士）的科学家的国际合作，这是一系列数据，以改善政策和资源管理决策，以及帮助减少鸟罢工造成飞机损害的信息。其他影响包括培训跨学科，国际，面向团队，协作研究的博士后学者，以及创建新软件的新软件，使其他人可以根据变量来处理有关天气，气候，土地使用，风能，风能和光等变量的数据，该奖项由23个国家 /地区的竞选活动提供了``在23个国家的竞争中竞争了）的奖项，该奖项由23个国家 /地区的竞选活动进行了支持，该项目的竞选活动``在23个国家''中，该项目的竞选活动``在23个国家''中，该奖项是由23个国家 /地区的23个国家 /地区的参与者进行了支持。生物多样性和生态系统服务”。该呼吁是一项多边倡议，旨在支持研究项目，该项目有助于开发场景，模型和决策支持工具，以理解和解决我们地球面临的关键问题。竞争的目的是改善和应用参与式方案方法，以增强研究相关性及其接受度，并解决对影响驱动因素和政策干预措施进行建模方法的差距。这也是要开发和传达与模型相关的不确定性水平，以提高数据可访问性并填补知识的空白。使用这种方法，美国和五个欧洲国家之间的这项主要国际努力将解决与从本地到大陆的尺度之间的挑战和压迫生物多样性问题。对于该项目，每个国家将资助其自己的科学家及其整体项目的一部分。跨学科团队由生态学家，气象学家和计算机科学家组成，他们将使用现有的大陆天气（和其他）雷达的现有基础设施来生成对迁徙空中生物量流量的标准化大规模的长期监控，并开发可持续的数据，以及开发可持续的基础和分析基础设施和工作流程，这些基础和分析基础和工作流程可用于其他现成的和未来和未来的公司。这项研究的动机来自以下事实：空中迁徙动物是生物多样性的组成部分，并且以惊人的速度下降。确定他们对气候和土地利用变化的反应，光污染和风能开发对于有效的保护和缓解人类野生动物冲突至关重要。因此，这项研究将从科学家到气象学家的各种利益相关者与保护从业者和政策制定者以及风能部门和航空安全有关。 GOA将开发（a）对空中迁移的标准长期和大规模监测； （b）提供与人造光的扩散相关的政策的信息； （c）为风能装置和飞机建立空中迁徙物种缓解方法； （d）保存关键（空中）栖息地，迁徙地点和主要迁移时间周期的政策，这对于维持迁徙人群至关重要。研究将需要量化空中迁移的大小，空间范围和时机；了解他们（功能）与环境和社会经济变量的关系；并预测这些变量未来变化对迁徙人群的后果。这将通过使用依靠机器学习和统计分析来量化欧洲和北美空中移民的生物量流量的方法来从气象雷达网络中检索生物学信息来实现这一目标。它还将估计移民在生态系统功能中的作用，以及对外部人类诱导变量影响的空中迁移生物量流如何影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来进行评估的。

项目成果

Migratory flight on the Pacific Flyway: strategies and tendencies of wind drift compensation

太平洋迁徙路线上的迁徙飞行：风漂补偿策略与趋势

• DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0383
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Biology Letters
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Newcombe, Patrick B.;Nilsson, Cecilia;Lin, Tsung-Yu;Winner, Kevin;Bernstein, Garrett;Maji, Subhransu;Sheldon, Daniel;Farnsworth, Andrew;Horton, Kyle G.
• 通讯作者: Horton, Kyle G.

Bird strikes at commercial airports explained by citizen science and weather radar data

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13971
• 发表时间: 2021-08-18
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Nilsson, Cecilia;La Sorte, Frank A.;Farnsworth, Andrew
• 通讯作者: Farnsworth, Andrew

Meteorological Data Policies Needed to Support Biodiversity Monitoring with Weather Radar

支持气象雷达生物多样性监测所需的气象数据政策

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-21-0196.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Shamoun-Baranes, Judy;Bauer, Silke;Chapman, Jason W.;Desmet, Peter;Dokter, Adriaan M.;Farnsworth, Andrew;van Gasteren, Hans;Haest, Birgen;Koistinen, Jarmo;Kranstauber, Bart
• 通讯作者: Kranstauber, Bart

MistNet: Measuring historical bird migration in the US using archived weather radar data and convolutional neural networks

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13280
• 发表时间: 2019-11-01
• 期刊: METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Lin, Tsung-Yu;Winner, Kevin;Sheldon, Daniel
• 通讯作者: Sheldon, Daniel

The role of artificial light at night and road density in predicting the seasonal occurrence of nocturnally migrating birds

夜间人造光和道路密度在预测夜间迁徙鸟类季节性出现中的作用

• DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13499
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Diversity and Distributions
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: La Sorte, Frank A.;Johnston, Alison;Rodewald, Amanda D.;Fink, Daniel;Farnsworth, Andrew;Van Doren, Benjamin M.;Auer, Tom;Strimas‐Mackey, Matthew;López, ed., Ana Benítez
• 通讯作者: López, ed., Ana Benítez