Collaborative Research: RUI--Lake Breeze Influence on Ozone Transport as Captured by an Unmanned Aircraft System

合作研究：RUI——无人机系统捕获的湖风对臭氧传输的影响

• 批准号: 1918983
• 负责人: Joseph Hupy
• 金额: $ 13.95万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1918983&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; Lake; Breeze

The research project seeks new understanding of the exposure to air pollutants across large areas of land and water near Lake Michigan by taking measurements of meteorological variables and ozone near the lake with an unmanned aerial system (UAS) at altitudes near the surface up to 400 feet. Communities at the shorelines of Lake Michigan have been negatively impacted by poor air quality for decades. The main pollutant of concern is ozone formed from atmospheric chemical reactions promoted by airborne emissions from urban activities, ample sunlight, and the smooth stable atmosphere. Lake Michigan generates its own local meteorology. When the warm air from the surrounding land flows over the relatively cold water, the air flow can transport urban emissions over the lake for a long distance with high pollutant concentration. Meanwhile the urban emission can be transported upward over the heated land surface, forming large spatial variations of ozone concentration. Consequently, air movements with different pollutant concentrations and chemical reactions can impact air quality in the area surrounding the lake. The field measurement will provide airborne air-quality measurements beyond the traditional measurement at fixed ground monitoring stations and airborne measurements with manned aircraft at higher altitudes from previous field campaigns. These measurements are ideal for improving air quality forecast models in the Great Lakes region for capturing near-surface features. The UAS involved in this study will be a C-Astral Bramor fixed-wing unmanned aerial system with a meteorological sensor package on board. The specific objectives of flying the UAS are to a) characterize lake-breeze characteristics of near shore circulation onset and vertical variations along the shoreline of Lake Michigan, b) capture the development or movement of convergence zones/fine scale circulations within a lake-breeze frontal region from offshore to onshore over time, and c) monitor ozone gradients, characteristics of chemical circulation patterns within marine-influenced inversions at the shoreline over time at low altitudes. The use of the UAS to fly pre-programed data collection missions would allow scientists to elucidate pollutant transport in the region of lake-breeze circulation for understanding connections between small scale circulations with broader air quality repercussions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究项目通过使用无人机系统 (UAS) 在接近水面 400 英尺的高度测量密歇根湖附近的气象变量和臭氧，寻求对密歇根湖附近大片土地和水域的空气污染物暴露情况有新的了解。 。几十年来，密歇根湖沿岸的社区一直受到空气质量不佳的负面影响。值得关注的主要污染物是臭氧，该臭氧是由城市活动的空气排放物、充足的阳光和平稳稳定的大气所促进的大气化学反应形成的。密歇根湖产生了自己的当地气象。当周围陆地的暖空气流过相对寒冷的水面时，气流可以将城市排放的污染物长距离输送到湖上，污染物浓度较高。同时，城市排放物可以通过加热的地表向上输送，形成臭氧浓度较大的空间变化。因此，不同污染物浓度的空气流动和化学反应会影响湖泊周围地区的空气质量。现场测量将提供超出固定地面监测站传统测量和先前现场活动在更高高度有人驾驶飞机进行的机载测量的机载空气质量测量。这些测量非常适合改进五大湖地区的空气质量预报模型，以捕获近地表特征。参与这项研究的无人机系统将是一个 C-Astral Bramor 固定翼无人机系统，机载有气象传感器包。飞行 UAS 的具体目标是 a) 表征近岸环流开始的湖风特征和沿密歇根湖海岸线的垂直变化，b) 捕获湖风内汇聚区/细尺度环流的发展或运动随着时间的推移，从近海到陆上的锋面区域，以及 c) 监测臭氧梯度、低海拔海岸线随时间变化的受海洋影响的逆温中化学循环模式的特征。使用无人机执行预先编程的数据收集任务将使科学家能够阐明湖风环流区域的污染物传输，以了解小规模环流与更广泛的空气质量影响之间的联系。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并已被通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。