Superdeep Diamonds from the Transition Zone and Lower Mantle

来自过渡带和下地幔的超深钻石

• 批准号: 1853521
• 负责人: Steven Jacobsen
• 金额: $ 43.52万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1853521&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Superdeep; Diamonds; Transition; Zone; Lower

Diamond is a remarkable material for its ultimate physical properties and technological applications. Natural diamonds also reveal physical and chemical processes in the Earth's deep mantle from where there are few direct samples. Mineral inclusions in diamond reflect reactions involving high pressure, high temperature, fluids, melts, and dynamic interactions between the Earth's surface and interior. This project will support technological development to investigate tiny mineral inclusions in diamonds. A new suite of more than 150 diamonds of deep origin, which formed at depths greater than 410 km in the transition zone and the lower mantle, will be investigated. 3D imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of the hosted inclusions will be carried out at national X-ray and infrared facilities. Up to a thousand micro-mineral inclusions will be identified and characterized by fast, high-throughput methods. Results of this research will improve our understanding of the mineral diversity in the Earth's interior, with special focus on water and hydrous phases. The goal is to reveal the mechanisms by which water recycles between the crust and mantle through plate tectonics, a process at the origin of numerous natural hazards. This project will foster collaboration with two local high-school teachers to introduce a geophysics curriculum to their physics courses. It will also promote the training of several graduate students for future careers in academia, federal agencies, industry, and the national laboratories. The high strength and stability of diamond make it a perfect vessel for transporting minerals and geochemical information from the deep mantle to the surface as part of the crust-mantle carbon cycle. This study will examine a new suite of superdeep diamonds from Juina, Brazil, which host mineral inclusions from the transition zone and lower mantle. One of the major challenges pertains to determining the depth origin of the diamonds which often lack a complete suite of mineral inclusions to pinpoint their formation conditions. Up to a thousand inclusions will be analyzed potentially promoting the discovery of new mineral phases and providing information about how deeply water is transported into the mantle. New micro-analysis techniques will increase the rate and decrease the size of inclusions that can be studied, thus broadening the database of mantle mineralogy. Spectroscopic methods will probe various types of atomic-scale defects in diamonds as tracers for their depth of origin. Separately, the sound velocity of diamond will be measured at high pressure in all directions of the structure to determine diamond elastic properties. This will improve the geophysical modeling of seismic wave velocity in the deep, crustal roots below continents. Other experiments will examine the decompression behavior of hydrous minerals at upper mantle temperatures to elucidate diamond ascent pathways. Ultimately this research will improve and potentially modify the textbook picture of the structure and dynamics of Earth's interior.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

金刚石因其终极物理特性和技术应用而成为一种非凡的材料。天然钻石还揭示了地球深层地幔中的物理和化学过程，而那里的直接样本很少。钻石中的矿物包裹体反映了涉及高压、高温、流体、熔体以及地球表面和内部之间动态相互作用的反应。该项目将支持研究钻石中微小矿物包裹体的技术开发。一组新的 150 多颗深部钻石形成于过渡带和下地幔深度超过 410 公里的地方，将受到调查。所含包裹体的 3D 成像、衍射和光谱分析将在国家 X 射线和红外设施中进行。将通过快速、高通量的方法来识别和表征多达 1000 种微矿物包裹体。这项研究的结果将增进我们对地球内部矿物多样性的了解，特别关注水和含水相。目标是揭示水通过板块构造在地壳和地幔之间循环的机制，这一过程是许多自然灾害的根源。该项目将促进与两名当地高中教师的合作，将地球物理学课程引入到他们的物理课程中。它还将促进对几名研究生的培训，以适应学术界、联邦机构、工业界和国家实验室的未来职业生涯。 金刚石的高强度和稳定性使其成为将矿物和地球化学信息从地幔深处传输到地表的完美容器，作为壳幔碳循环的一部分。这项研究将检查来自巴西朱伊纳的一套新的超深钻石，其中含有来自过渡带和下地幔的矿物包裹体。主要挑战之一涉及确定钻石的深度起源，钻石通常缺乏一整套矿物包裹体来确定其形成条件。将分析多达一千种包裹体，这可能会促进新矿物相的发现，并提供有关水输送到地幔多深的信息。新的微分析技术将提高可研究的包裹体的速率并减小其尺寸，从而扩大地幔矿物学数据库。光谱方法将探测钻石中各种类型的原子级缺陷，作为其起源深度的示踪剂。另外，将在高压下在结构的各个方向上测量金刚石的声速，以确定金刚石的弹性特性。这将改善大陆下方深层地壳根部地震波速度的地球物理建模。其他实验将研究含水矿物在上地幔温度下的减压行为，以阐明钻石的上升路径。最终，这项研究将改善并可能修改地球内部结构和动力学的教科书图景。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Ringwoodite and zirconia inclusions indicate downward travel of super-deep diamonds

尖晶橄榄石和氧化锆内含物表明超深钻石的向下移动

• DOI: 10.1130/g50111.1
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Lorenzon, Sofia;Novella, Davide;Nimis, Paolo;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Thomassot, Emilie;Pamato, Martha G.;Prosperi, Loredana;Lorenzetti, Alessandra;Alvaro, Matteo;Brenker, Frank;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Extreme redox variations in a superdeep diamond from a subducted slab

俯冲板片中超深钻石的极端氧化还原变化

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05392-8
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Nestola, Fabrizio;Regier, Margo E.;Luth, Robert W.;Pearson, D. Graham;Stachel, Thomas;McCammon, Catherine;Wenz, Michelle D.;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Anzolini, Chiara;Bindi, Luca;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Goldschmidtite, (K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3: A new perovskite supergroup mineral found in diamond from Koffiefontein, South Africa

Goldschmidtite，(K,REE,Sr)(Nb,Cr)O3：在产自南非 Koffiefontein 的钻石中发现的一种新的钙钛矿超群矿物

• DOI: 10.2138/am-2019-6937
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: American Mineralogist
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Meyer, Nicole A.;Wenz, Michelle D.;Walsh, James P.S.;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Locock, Andrew J.;Harris, Jeffrey W.
• 通讯作者: Harris, Jeffrey W.

Raman spectroscopy study of C-O-H-N speciation in reduced basaltic glasses: Implications for reduced planetary mantles

还原玄武岩玻璃中 C-O-H-N 形态的拉曼光谱研究：对还原行星地幔的影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.08.029
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Dalou, Celia;Hirschmann, Marc M.;Jacobsen, Steven D.;Le Losq, Charles
• 通讯作者: Le Losq, Charles

Nixonite, Na2Ti6O13, a new mineral from a metasomatized mantle garnet pyroxenite from the western Rae Craton, Darby kimberlite field, Canada

尼克石 (Nixonite)，Na2Ti6O13，一种来自加拿大达比金伯利岩田 Rae 克拉通西部交代化地幔石榴石辉石岩的新矿物

• DOI: 10.2138/am-2019-7023
• 发表时间: 2019-09-01
• 期刊: American Mineralogist
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Chiara Anzolini;Fei Wang;G. A. Harris;A. Locock;Dongzhou Zhang;F. Nestola;L. Peruzzo;S. Jacobsen;D. Pearson
• 通讯作者: D. Pearson