Physics and Astrophysics of Compact Binaries

致密双星的物理学和天体物理学

• 批准号: 1912550
• 负责人: Emanuele Berti
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-15 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1912550&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physics; Astrophysics; Compact; Binaries

The principal objective of this award is to exploit gravitational-wave observations to gain a deeper understanding of gravity and compact objects. Its long-term goals are: (1) to maximize the scientific payoff from gravitational-wave observations: what can we learn about fundamental gravitational physics, and how will compact binary detections contribute to our understanding of the Universe? (2) to improve our theoretical understanding of compact objects, whether isolated or in binaries, in general relativity and in modified theories of gravity. With the expected increase in volume coverage of LIGO/Virgo and the operation of KAGRA in Japan, this work is timely, geared at enhancing the scope of the physics and astrophysics enabled by ground-based interferometers. The project will train a student in a highly interdisciplinary field that requires expertise in general relativity, astrophysics, data analysis and high-energy physics. The PI's newly established group at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore has long-standing collaborations with groups in the US and in the EU. This network of collaborations will ensure that the student funded by this project will be trained in a vibrant international environment. A key goal of the project is to strengthen collaborations between the gravitational physics community and the larger physics and astrophysics communities at a crucial time for the nascent field of gravitational-wave astronomy. JHU has formal collaborations with the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) and NASA Goddard (GSFC) and it is home to many world-leading experts in cosmology and astrophysics, so this task will benefit enormously from the group's daily interactions with JHU faculty and STScI astronomers. The PI has a strong track record of training students and postdocs who developed into leading experts working at the interface of these different fields.The first gravitational-wave detections by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration were a major milestone. Large financial resources have been invested in detector design and in compact binary detection templates, but for gravitational-wave science to make even more groundbreaking contributions we must be able to go beyond detections, extracting fundamental physics from the strong-gravity dynamics of the sources. The PI will investigate the structure and dynamics of compact objects in general relativity and in some well-motivated modified theories of gravity. The theoretical insight gained from these investigations will be used to devise a parametrized, theory-agnostic gravitational-wave data analysis framework to quantify dynamical deviations from general relativity for compact binary mergers in the strong-field regime. To address this problem, the PI's group will adopt the following strategy: (1) identify the simplest, best-motivated modified theories of gravity and physics beyond the Standard Model that would produce black hole spacetimes and/or binary black hole gravitational waveforms that differ from general relativity; (2) compute the corresponding black hole solutions and (whenever possible) the gravitational waves emitted during binary merger and ringdown using a combination of perturbation theory and/or numerical relativity; (3) use these results to learn lessons on how to parametrize strong-field deviations from general relativity in a theory-agnostic way, and implement these parametrizations in gravitational-wave data analysis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的主要目标是利用引力波观测来更深入地了解重力和致密物体。其长期目标是：（1）最大化引力波观测的科学回报：我们可以从基本引力物理中学到什么，以及紧凑的双星探测将如何有助于我们对宇宙的理解？ （2）提高我们对致密物体（无论是孤立的还是双星的）、广义相对论和修正引力理论的理论理解。随着 LIGO/Virgo 体积覆盖范围的预期增加以及 KAGRA 在日本的运行，这项工作是及时的，旨在扩大地面干涉仪所支持的物理和天体物理学的范围。该项目将在高度跨学科领域培养一名学生，该领域需要广义相对论、天体物理学、数据分析和高能物理学方面的专业知识。 PI 在巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学 (JHU) 新成立的小组与美国和欧盟的小组有着长期的合作关系。该合作网络将确保该项目资助的学生将在充满活力的国际环境中接受培训。该项目的一个关键目标是在引力波天文学新兴领域的关键时刻加强引力物理学界与更大的物理学和天体物理学界之间的合作。 JHU 与太空望远镜科学研究所 (STScI) 和 NASA 戈达德 (GSFC) 建立了正式合作关系，并且拥有许多世界领先的宇宙学和天体物理学专家，因此该任务将从该小组与 JHU 教师和 STScI 的日常互动中受益匪浅天文学家。 PI 在培训学生和博士后方面拥有良好的记录，他们后来发展成为在这些不同领域的交叉领域工作的领先专家。LIGO/Virgo 合作的首次引力波探测是一个重要的里程碑。在探测器设计和紧凑的二元探测模板上投入了大量的财政资源，但为了让引力波科学做出更多突破性的贡献，我们必须能够超越探测，从源头的强重力动力学中提取基础物理。 PI 将研究广义相对论和一些经过充分修改的引力理论中致密物体的结构和动力学。从这些研究中获得的理论见解将用于设计一个参数化的、与理论无关的引力波数据分析框架，以量化强场状态下紧凑双星合并的广义相对论的动态偏差。为了解决这个问题，PI的小组将采取以下策略：（1）确定标准模型之外最简单、最有动机的修正引力和物理理论，这些理论将产生不同的黑洞时空和/或二元黑洞引力波形。从广义相对论； （2）结合微扰理论和/或数值相对论，计算相应的黑洞解和（只要可能）二元合并和衰荡过程中发出的引力波； (3) 利用这些结果来学习如何以与理论无关的方式参数化广义相对论的强场偏差，并在引力波数据分析中实现这些参数化。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为是值得的通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来提供支持。

项目成果

Machine-learning interpolation of population-synthesis simulations to interpret gravitational-wave observations: A case study

群体综合模拟的机器学习插值来解释引力波观测：案例研究

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.083015
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Wong, Kaze W. K.;Gerosa, Davide
• 通讯作者: Gerosa, Davide

Coherent gravitational waveforms and memory from cosmic string loops

宇宙弦环的相干引力波形和记忆

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/aba28b
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Classical and Quantum Gravity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Aurrekoetxea, Josu C.;Helfer, Thomas;Lim, Eugene A.
• 通讯作者: Lim, Eugene A.

Parametrized black hole quasinormal ringdown. II. Coupled equations and quadratic corrections for nonrotating black holes

参数化黑洞拟正规振铃。

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.044061
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: McManus, Ryan;Berti, Emanuele;Macedo, Caio F. B.;Kimura, Masashi;Maselli, Andrea;Cardoso, Vitor
• 通讯作者: Cardoso, Vitor

Discriminating between different scenarios for the formation and evolution of massive black holes with LISA

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.083027
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: A. Toubiana;Ka-wah Wong;S. Babak;E. Barausse;E. Berti;J. Gair;S. Marsat;S. Taylor

The mass gap, the spin gap, and the origin of merging binary black holes

质量隙、自旋隙和合并双黑洞的起源

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.043002
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Baibhav, Vishal;Gerosa, Davide;Berti, Emanuele;Wong, Kaze W.;Helfer, Thomas;Mould, Matthew
• 通讯作者: Mould, Matthew