Abrupt CO2 Change and the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies: Testing the Upwelling Hypothesis
二氧化碳突然变化和南半球西风带:检验上升流假说
基本信息
- 批准号:1906143
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 55.96万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary atmospheric greenhouse gas that plays a key role both in current climate change as well as in past natural climate variations such as the ice-age cycle. Understanding the natural causes of CO2 change is an important goal of climate research, with applications in improving climate projections for the future. At the coldest point of the last ice age (around 20,000 years ago) the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was around 90 parts per million (ppm) below the pre-industrial level. Most researchers think that during the ice age this missing carbon was stored in the deep ocean. Around 18,000 years ago, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere started rising, marking the end of the last ice age. The cause for the CO2 rise is not well understood and heavily debated. A popular hypothesis is that the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds shifted southwards, causing CO2 release from the ocean due to increased ocean upwelling in the Southern Ocean. However, climate models disagree on whether this mechanism actually works. Recent research on Antarctic ice cores has provided evidence for repeated shifts in the position of these westerly winds during the last ice age in response to so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger events. This project will use ice-core samples to measure past changes in atmospheric CO2 at very high resolution during these natural shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. This will allow a direct test of the upwelling hypothesis for the rise in CO2. Currently, the Southern Hemisphere westerlies are again shifting southwards due to stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming. This may reduce carbon uptake by the world's oceans, exacerbating warming from anthropogenic emissions. These recent trends provide great impetus to better understand the relationship between CO2 and the westerly winds. This project work aims to produce a benchmark CO2 record that will be widely used by climate researchers. The project contributes to development of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) workforce by training a postdoctoral researcher. An ongoing science outreach project will visit around 20 middle school classrooms annually to talk about polar and climate research. The project will measure in decadal temporal resolution the evolution of atmospheric CO2 in the WAIS Divide ice core during key climatic events (Heinrich events 2-5 and Dansgaard-Oeschger events 3-8 and 12) where ice-core markers suggest shifts occurred in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. Existing ice-core CO2 records imply minor variations during these times, but they lack resolution to be conclusive on this issue. The project includes improvements to the CO2 analytical setup that will enhance sample throughput and analytical precision. The proposed number of samples is 720 (240 unique depths in triplicate) in the interval 27,000 to 40,000 years before present to complement the existing low-resolution CO2 record. The ice-core analyses are integrated with modeling and data-analysis to better understand the Antarctic water isotopic evidence for shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and their link to CO2 variations, using existing output from isotope-enabled general circulation models and reanalysis data. In particular, the proposed work investigates the possibility of large wind-driven upwelling events in the Atlantic sector around Antarctica associated with Heinrich events--a previously unrecognized mode of climate variability. This project uses existing ice samples and does not require Antarctic field work.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
二氧化碳 (CO2) 是主要的大气温室气体,在当前的气候变化以及过去的自然气候变化(例如冰河时代循环)中发挥着关键作用。了解二氧化碳变化的自然原因是气候研究的一个重要目标,可应用于改善未来的气候预测。在最后一个冰河时代的最冷点(大约 20,000 年前),大气中二氧化碳的浓度比工业化前水平低约百万分之 90 (ppm)。大多数研究人员认为,在冰河时期,这些缺失的碳被储存在深海中。大约 18,000 年前,大气中的二氧化碳浓度开始上升,标志着最后一个冰河时代的结束。二氧化碳浓度上升的原因尚不清楚,并且存在激烈争论。一个流行的假设是,南半球西风向南移动,由于南大洋海洋上升流增加,导致二氧化碳从海洋释放。 然而,气候模型对于这种机制是否真正有效存在分歧。最近对南极冰芯的研究提供了证据,表明在最后一个冰河时代,这些西风的位置因所谓的丹斯加德-奥施格事件而反复变化。该项目将使用冰芯样本以非常高的分辨率测量南半球西风带自然变化期间大气二氧化碳的过去变化。 这将能够直接检验二氧化碳上升的上升流假设。目前,由于平流层臭氧消耗和全球变暖,南半球西风再次南移。这可能会减少世界海洋的碳吸收,加剧人为排放造成的变暖。这些最近的趋势为更好地了解二氧化碳和西风之间的关系提供了巨大的动力。该项目工作旨在产生一个基准二氧化碳记录,该记录将被气候研究人员广泛使用。该项目通过培训博士后研究员,为 STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)劳动力的发展做出贡献。正在进行的科学推广项目每年将访问大约 20 个中学教室,讨论极地和气候研究。 该项目将以十年时间分辨率测量 WAIS Divide 冰芯在关键气候事件(海因里希事件 2-5 和 Dansgaard-Oeschger 事件 3-8 和 12)期间大气二氧化碳的演变,其中冰芯标记表明发生了变化南半球西风带。现有的冰芯二氧化碳记录表明这些时期存在微小的变化,但它们缺乏对这个问题得出结论的解决方案。该项目包括对二氧化碳分析装置的改进,这将提高样品通量和分析精度。提议的样本数量为 720 个(240 个独特深度,一式三份),时间间隔为距今 27,000 至 40,000 年,以补充现有的低分辨率二氧化碳记录。冰芯分析与建模和数据分析相结合,利用同位素支持的大气环流模型的现有输出和再分析数据,更好地了解南半球西风变化的南极水同位素证据及其与二氧化碳变化的联系。特别是,拟议的工作调查了南极洲周围大西洋地区与海因里希事件相关的大型风驱动上升流事件的可能性,这是一种以前未被认识的气候变化模式。该项目使用现有的冰样本,不需要南极实地工作。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Christo Buizert其他文献
NGRIPとGISP2氷床コアから見る過去2000年のグリーンランドの気温変動
从 NGRIP 和 GISP2 冰芯观察格陵兰岛过去 2000 年的温度变化
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2014 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
小端拓郎;東久美子;川村賢二;Bo Vinther;Thomas Blunier;Jason Box;Christo Buizert; Atsuhiro Muto;James White - 通讯作者:
James White
Past atmospheric krypton and xenon over the last 24,000 years from trapped air in polar ice cores: A potential constraint on mean ocean temperature
过去 24,000 年中极地冰芯中滞留空气中的过去大气中的氪和氙:对平均海洋温度的潜在限制
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2015 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Kenji Kawamura;Jeffrey P. Severinghaus;Daniel Baggenstos;Anais Orsi;Christo Buizert;Shuji Aoki;and Takakiyo Nakazawa - 通讯作者:
and Takakiyo Nakazawa
The Dome Fuji ice core DF2021 chronology (0 -200 kyr BP)
富士圆顶冰芯 DF2021 年表 (0 -200 kyr BP)
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Ikumi Oyabu;Kenji Kawamura;Christo Buizert;Frederic Parrenin;Anais Orsi;Kyotato Kitamura;Shuji Aoki;Takakiyo Nakazawa - 通讯作者:
Takakiyo Nakazawa
ヒト細胞におけるユビキチン化PCNAに依存するDNA損傷トレランスの解析
人类细胞中泛素化 PCNA 依赖性 DNA 损伤耐受性分析
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Christo Buizert;T. J. Fudge;William H. G. Roberts;Eric J. Steig;Sam Sherriff-Tadano;Catherine Ritz;Eric Lefebvre;Jon Edwards;Kenji Kawamura;Ikumi Oyabu;Hideaki Motoyama;他(全42名);金尾梨絵,益谷央豪 - 通讯作者:
金尾梨絵,益谷央豪
Surface temperature at Dome Fuji during the last interglacial period
末次间冰期富士圆顶的表面温度
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Ikumi Oyabu;Kenji Kawamura;Christo Buizert;Frederic Parrenin and Ryu Uemura - 通讯作者:
Frederic Parrenin and Ryu Uemura
Christo Buizert的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Christo Buizert', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Using New Ice Cores from Dome C to Test the Assumption of a Constant Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux and Improve Understanding of the Holocene Methane Budget
合作研究:利用 Dome C 的新冰芯测试银河系宇宙射线通量恒定的假设并提高对全新世甲烷收支的理解
- 批准号:
2146133 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: REU: Calibrating the Water Isotope Thermometer in Antarctica Using Abrupt Heinrich Event Signatures in the EDML Ice Core
合作研究:REU:利用 EDML 冰芯中的突变海因里希事件特征校准南极洲的水同位素温度计
- 批准号:
2315928 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Arctic melt and summer temperature during past warm periods: a new ice core proxy
过去温暖时期的北极融化和夏季温度:新的冰芯代理
- 批准号:
2140500 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Last deglaciation in Greenland: demystifying the mystery interval
格陵兰岛最后一次冰消期:揭开神秘间隔的神秘面纱
- 批准号:
2102944 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability
合作研究:重建南极洲 Law Dome 大气一氧化碳的碳 14 以限制长期羟基自由基变化
- 批准号:
1643716 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: The fingerprint of abrupt temperature events throughout Greenland during the last glacial period
合作研究:末次冰河期整个格陵兰岛突然温度事件的指纹
- 批准号:
1804133 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Inter-Hemispheric Climate Teleconnections in response to Massive Iceberg Discharge in the North Atlantic
响应北大西洋大规模冰山放电的半球间气候遥相关
- 批准号:
1702920 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The Timing and Spatial Expression of the Bipolar Seesaw in Antarctica from Synchronized Ice Cores
合作研究:从同步冰芯观察南极洲双极跷跷板的时间和空间表达
- 批准号:
1643394 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 55.96万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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