Automated hazard detection for safe airport apron operations using a (weather-)robust LiDAR object recognition system

使用（天气）稳健的 LiDAR 物体识别系统进行自动危险检测，确保机场停机坪安全运行

基本信息

批准号：
237482626
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Fricke
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Luftfahrt und Logistik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/237482626?language=en
关键词：
Automated hazard detection safe airport

项目摘要

In addition to the airport runway being a component that incurs considerable risk to air travel, in particular airfield movement areas are characterized by a substantial and empirical proven accumulation of safety occurrences in the aviation system. Due to a significant low degree of standardization for operators, technology, and procedures on the neighboring airport apron, procedural and technological measures for risk mitigation at the airport have been exclusively focusing on the maneuvering area so far. Preliminary studies conducted at TU Dresden have shown deficiencies in the operators information picture that would significantly contribute to an increased risk on the airport`s movement areas. If such a lack of information occurs, the operator`s capability to recognize the hazard and subsequently avoid damage would be clearly limited. At this point, the augmentation of the information level of quality, enabled by LiDAR sensing, is considered as key element for effective risk mitigation. The respective proof of this hypothesis will be provided along the application of established risk assessment procedures according to EUROCONTROL, a field, in which the applicant has been gathering significant experience for years. Then, after the potential for risk mitigation will have been identified on a methodological basis, the respective potential will be experimentally verified by means of LiDAR sensor technology generating 3D point clouds of all objects on the apron which will be installed at Dresden International Airport. LiDAR is judged of being exceptionally qualified to visualize hazard causes and derived hazard indicators connected to safety critical occurrences. Even more, these fundamental characteristics of LiDAR generated 3D point clouds and thus so gathered experimental results can methodically be transferred to other sensors (e.g. infrared, RADAR).As such, a methodical hazard assessment of the apron controller`s task based on accident and incident data will be conducted, subsequently followed by the identification of visual indicators as corresponding cause. Further, a LiDAR monitoring concept will be developed, including an HMI concept for a 3D point cloud visualization that will be subject to experimental validation. Along this, identified hazards will be modeled with the help of scenarios and will be further analyzed on their estimated contribution to risk mitigation while operating the HMI. In the scope of an envisaged experimental field-test at Dresden Airport, relevant scenarios will be reconstructed and assessed by operational apron controllers (granted by the airport authority). It will be evaluated how far a contribution to a higher detection probability of hazards causes and effective risk mitigation can be achieved by visual means. The respective cooperation agreement from Dresden Airport is attached to this tender.

除了机场跑道是给航空旅行带来相当大风险的组成部分之外，特别是机场活动区域的特点是航空系统中安全事件的大量积累和经验证明。由于邻近机场停机坪的操作人员、技术和程序的标准化程度明显较低，迄今为止，机场风险缓解的程序和技术措施一直只集中在机动区域。德累斯顿工业大学进行的初步研究表明，运营商信息图中的缺陷将极大地增加机场活动区域的风险。如果发生这种信息缺乏，操作员识别危险并随后避免损坏的能力将明显受到限制。此时，通过激光雷达传感实现的信息质量水平的提高被认为是有效缓解风险的关键要素。该假设的相应证据将根据 EUROCONTROL 的既定风险评估程序的应用提供，申请人多年来一直在该领域积累了丰富的经验。然后，在方法论的基础上确定风险缓解的潜力后，将通过 LiDAR 传感器技术对将安装在德累斯顿国际机场的停机坪上所有物体的 3D 点云生成 3D 点云进行实验验证。激光雷达被认为非常有资格可视化危险原因以及与安全关键事件相关的派生危险指标。更重要的是，LiDAR 的这些基本特征生成 3D 点云，因此收集的实验结果可以有条不紊地转移到其他传感器（例如红外、雷达）。因此，可以根据事故和情况对停机坪控制器的任务进行有条理的危险评估。将进行事件数据处理，随后通过视觉指示器识别相应的原因。此外，还将开发 LiDAR 监控概念，包括用于 3D 点云可视化的 HMI 概念，该概念将接受实验验证。在此基础上，将借助场景对已识别的危险进行建模，并进一步分析其在操作 HMI 时对风险缓解的估计贡献。在德累斯顿机场设想的实验性现场测试范围内，相关场景将由运行停机坪控制器（由机场当局授权）重建和评估。将评估通过视觉手段对危害原因的更高检测概率和有效风险缓解的贡献程度。德累斯顿机场的相应合作协议附在本次招标中。