Automated hazard detection for safe airport apron operations using a (weather-)robust LiDAR object recognition system

使用（天气）稳健的 LiDAR 物体识别系统进行自动危险检测，确保机场停机坪安全运行

基本信息

批准号：
237482626
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Hartmut Fricke
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Luftfahrt und Logistik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/237482626?language=en
关键词：
Automated hazard detection safe airport

项目摘要

In addition to the airport runway being a component that incurs considerable risk to air travel, in particular airfield movement areas are characterized by a substantial and empirical proven accumulation of safety occurrences in the aviation system. Due to a significant low degree of standardization for operators, technology, and procedures on the neighboring airport apron, procedural and technological measures for risk mitigation at the airport have been exclusively focusing on the maneuvering area so far. Preliminary studies conducted at TU Dresden have shown deficiencies in the operators information picture that would significantly contribute to an increased risk on the airport`s movement areas. If such a lack of information occurs, the operator`s capability to recognize the hazard and subsequently avoid damage would be clearly limited. At this point, the augmentation of the information level of quality, enabled by LiDAR sensing, is considered as key element for effective risk mitigation. The respective proof of this hypothesis will be provided along the application of established risk assessment procedures according to EUROCONTROL, a field, in which the applicant has been gathering significant experience for years. Then, after the potential for risk mitigation will have been identified on a methodological basis, the respective potential will be experimentally verified by means of LiDAR sensor technology generating 3D point clouds of all objects on the apron which will be installed at Dresden International Airport. LiDAR is judged of being exceptionally qualified to visualize hazard causes and derived hazard indicators connected to safety critical occurrences. Even more, these fundamental characteristics of LiDAR generated 3D point clouds and thus so gathered experimental results can methodically be transferred to other sensors (e.g. infrared, RADAR).As such, a methodical hazard assessment of the apron controller`s task based on accident and incident data will be conducted, subsequently followed by the identification of visual indicators as corresponding cause. Further, a LiDAR monitoring concept will be developed, including an HMI concept for a 3D point cloud visualization that will be subject to experimental validation. Along this, identified hazards will be modeled with the help of scenarios and will be further analyzed on their estimated contribution to risk mitigation while operating the HMI. In the scope of an envisaged experimental field-test at Dresden Airport, relevant scenarios will be reconstructed and assessed by operational apron controllers (granted by the airport authority). It will be evaluated how far a contribution to a higher detection probability of hazards causes and effective risk mitigation can be achieved by visual means. The respective cooperation agreement from Dresden Airport is attached to this tender.

除了机场跑道是一种对航空旅行风险巨大风险的组成部分，特别是机场运动区域的特征是航空系统中安全事件的大量和经验证明的积累。由于对邻近机场围裙的运营商，技术和程序的标准化程度很高，因此机场降低风险的程序和技术措施已完全关注到目前为止的机动区域。在Tu Dresden进行的初步研究表明，操作员信息图片中的缺陷将大大导致机场运动区域的风险增加。如果发生这种信息缺乏，则操作员的能力识别危害，随后避免损坏将显然受到限制。在这一点上，LiDar Sensing启用的质量信息水平的增强被认为是有效降低风险的关键要素。该假设的各自的证明将根据既定风险评估程序的应用，根据欧洲风险控制，该领域是申请人多年来一直在收集丰富经验的领域。然后，在将降低风险的潜力鉴定在方法论的基础上之后，各自的潜力将通过LIDAR传感器技术在围裙上生成所有物体的3D点云进行实验验证，该物体将安装在德累斯顿国际机场。雷达（LiDar）被认为是特殊有资格可视化危害原因和与安全关键事件相关的危险指标。更重要的是，这些激光雷达的基本特征产生了3D点云，因此可以有条理地将实验结果传递到其他传感器（例如，红外线，雷达）。例如，将对围裙控制器的任务进行基于事故和事故数据的围裙控制器任务进行有方法上的危险评估，然后随后随后进行视觉指示器的标识。此外，将开发出激光监测概念，包括用于3D点云可视化的HMI概念，该概念将受到实验验证。因此，确定的危害将在方案的帮助下建立模型，并将进一步分析其在操作HMI时对风险降低的贡献。在德累斯顿机场设想的实验性测试范围内，相关方案将由操作围裙控制器（由机场管理局授予）重建和评估。它将评估有多大贡献危害原因的较高检测概率，并通过视觉手段可以实现有效的风险缓解。德累斯顿机场的各自的合作协议附在该招标上。