RAPID: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: OBS survey of Kilauea's submarine south flank following the May 4, 2018 M6.9 earthquake and Lower East Rift Zone eruption

快速：协作研究：2018 年 5 月 4 日 M6.9 地震和下东裂谷带喷发后，OBS 对基拉韦厄海底南侧进行的调查

• 批准号: 1841216
• 负责人: Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach
• 金额: $ 16.47万
• 依托单位: Western Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841216&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; OBS; survey

In April 2018, a dramatic shift took place in the ongoing eruption of Kilauea volcano. Both the summit lava lake and the vent at Puu Oo, active for 35 years, catastrophically drained, sending magma to the Lower East Rift Zone where it began to erupt, and eventually to flow into the ocean. This project is to deploy a network of 12 ocean-bottom seismometers to record earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. The instruments will be deployed on the south flank, and will record several hundred offshore earthquakes and thousands more occurring beneath Hawaii Island. The earthquake locations will aid in understanding deformation on the submarine south flank of the volcano, and provide insight into properties of the fault zone along which Kilauea Volcano moves across the Pacific plate. Recordings of the energy generated at the ocean entry where lava enters the ocean will be used to understand submarine eruptive processes such as lava-water explosions, submarine lava flows, and landslides. This project will enhance understanding of the seismic and volcanic hazards associated with eruptions from Kilauea Volcano, including possible offshore landslides and potential tsunamis. The project supports the training of students on a research expedition. The data will be made available immediately upon collection.At Kilauea Volcano the change in eruptive activity in Spring 2018 was accompanied by an increase in seismicity within the rift zone, at the summit, and beneath the submarine south flank of the volcano. Activity has also been recorded at the margins of the submarine south flank, in areas that have not seen significant seismicity in the past. Earthquakes that have been recorded offshore are poorly located because the seismic network is limited to one half of the focal sphere. This work will focus on answering several key questions. What structures within and beneath the mobile south flank are active today, what are the deformation mechanisms associated with them, and how do they relate to the ongoing eruptions? The M 6.9 earthquake appears to have also ruptured an area that experiences aseismic slip although the interpreted slow-slip source region has far fewer aftershocks than the adjacent regions. What caused the region to slip co-seismically? Much of the submarine south flank of Kilauea is composed of fragmental lava that has been transported downslope through landsliding. How does this process evolve as a new ocean entry develops?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2018年4月，正在喷发的基拉韦厄火山发生了戏剧性的转变。山顶熔岩湖和 Puu Oo 的喷口都活跃了 35 年，但都发生了灾难性的枯竭，将岩浆输送到东裂谷下部区域，在那里开始喷发，并最终流入海洋。 该项目将部署一个由 12 个海底地震仪组成的网络来记录与正在进行的火山喷发相关的地震。 这些仪器将部署在南侧，记录数百次近海地震和夏威夷岛下方发生的数千次地震。 地震位置将有助于了解火山海底南翼的变形，并深入了解基拉韦厄火山沿太平洋板块移动的断层带的特性。 对熔岩进入海洋的海洋入口处产生的能量的记录将用于了解海底喷发过程，例如熔岩水爆炸、海底熔岩流和山体滑坡。该项目将加深对与基拉韦厄火山喷发相关的地震和火山灾害的了解，包括可能发生的海上山体滑坡和潜在的海啸。 该项目支持对学生进行研究考察的培训。 数据将在收集后立即提供。 在基拉韦厄火山，2018 年春季喷发活动的变化伴随着裂谷带、山顶和火山南翼海底下方的地震活动增加。 在潜艇南侧边缘也记录到了活动，这些区域过去没有发生过明显的地震活动。 由于地震网络仅限于震源球的一半，因此近海记录的地震位置较差。这项工作将重点回答几个关键问题。如今，移动南翼内部和下方的哪些结构处于活跃状态，与它们相关的变形机制是什么，以及它们与正在进行的喷发有何关系？ 6.9 级地震似乎也使经历地震滑移的区域发生破裂，尽管所解释的慢滑移源区的余震远少于邻近地区。是什么导致该地区发生同震滑动？ 基拉韦厄海底南侧的大部分是由通过山体滑坡向下倾斜的碎片熔岩组成的。 随着新的海洋进入的发展，这个过程如何演变？该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。