Belmont Forum Collaborative Research: Balancing BiOdiversity CoNservation with Development in Amazon WetlandS

贝尔蒙特论坛合作研究：平衡亚马逊湿地生物多样性保护与发展

• 批准号: 1852113
• 负责人: Leandro Castello
• 金额: $ 9万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-15 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1852113&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Belmont; Forum; Collaborative; Research; Balancing; Belmont; Forum; Collaborative; Research; Balancing

Innovative research on the complex interaction of socio-economic and global environmental trends of biodiversity and ecosystem services is needed to help develop more informative scenarios for addressing environmental and human development challenges. To overcome these challenges coupled natural-human systems approaches and analyses are needed. These provide improved scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services that couple the outputs of direct and indirect drivers such as land use, invasive species, overexploitation, biodiversity, environmental change, and pollution. The resulting models provide a methodological state-of-the art that results in more accurate quantitative assessments, better land use, and more effective ecosystem services. This international collaborative research project uses this methodology to develop scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services for selected floodplains of muddy (i.e., whitewater) rivers in the central Amazon region and their adjacent uplands. Amazon floodplains were selected because they are typical of tropical river floodplains that support high levels of biodiversity and provide fundamental services, such as water purification, fish habitat, and flood mitigation. Like other tropical river systems, the Amazon sustains the livelihoods of many indigenous and poverty-stricken human populations and its flood plains are being increasingly threatened by development such as dams, agriculture, ranching, the expansion of road and rail networks, and climate change. For example, in the lower Amazon over half of the floodplain forest cover has been lost since the late 1970s. This project studies the floodplains of two contrasting major whitewater rivers: The Amazon River (Brazil and Colombia) and its tributary the Jurua River (Brazil). The research begins with working with stakeholders in a collaborative planning process that reflects local concerns and priorities and builds off local knowledge of the area. Work involves mapping targeted floodplains and adjacent upland habitats using remote sensing and field data. Goals are to predict changes in flooding patterns under climate change scenarios and model the interactions among biodiversity, habitat type, hydrology, and management regimes, with results being disseminated to stakeholders and the broader scientific community. Broader impacts of the work include international collaboration with scientists in Brazil, Columbia, France, Norway, Germany and the United Kingdom and improved understanding of how human activities along the floodplains of tropical rivers impact fisheries, food security, water quality, and biodiversity. Other broader impacts include development of a template for habitat and biodiversity assessment and for participatory planning that can be applied and adapted to similar types of river floodplains across tropical landscapes. The project also supports an investigator whose gender is underrepresented in the sciences.This award supports US researchers participating in a project competitively selected by a coalition of 26 funding agencies from 23 countries through the Belmont Forum call for proposals on "Scenarios of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". The call was a multilateral initiative designed to support research projects that contribute to the development of scenarios, models, and decision-support tools for understanding and solving critical issues facing our planet. The goal of the competition was to improve and apply participatory scenario methods to enhance research relevance and its acceptance and to address gaps in methods for modelling impact drivers and policy interventions. It was also to develop and communicate levels of uncertainty associated with the models to improve data accessibility and fill gaps in knowledge. Funds support US participants in a large, seven-country, international consortium of scientists studying aquatic-terrestrial interfaces in the Amazon Basin. These areas support high levels of biodiversity and also supply fundamental services to human populations such as water purification, fish habitat, and flood mitigation as well as sustain the livelihoods and food security of subsistence-level human populations. Over the past several decades, development, cultivation, ranching, and commercial fisheries have disrupted traditional patterns of Amazon river floodplain resource use. The goals of this research are to use the floodplains of two major and contrasting whitewater rivers: the mainstream Amazon river (Brazil and Colombia) and its tributary the Jurua (Brazil) to contrast the impacts of human development on their physical character and biodiversity. The project engages key stakeholders, including local indigenous peoples, in a research co-design effort. Work will involve mapping floodplain and adjacent upland habitats using remote sensing and field data; predicting changes in flooding patterns under climate change scenarios; and modeling the interactions among biodiversity, habitat type, hydrology, and management regimes. The project will test new methods in remote sensing using satellite-based mapping of phytoplankton diversity and will estimate forest biomass using newly available spaceborne LIDAR data. It will evaluate freshwater ecology using environmental DNA metabar-coding and model fish movement based on hydrologic connectivity and foraging patterns. Participatory prospective analysis will enable collective definition of scenarios with the support of species distribution models to analyze possible impacts on biodiversity. Results of this work, combined with local knowledge and stakeholder feedback, will allow a deep analysis of public policy efficiency in relation to wetland conservation and sustainable development goal targets. The work will also result in the development of a template for habitat and biodiversity assessment and for participatory modeling of multi-scale scenarios that can be applied and adapted to analogous floodplain systems in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

需要关于生物多样性和生态系统服务的社会经济和全球环境趋势复杂相互作用的创新研究，以帮助开发更有用的方案，以应对环境和人类发展挑战。为了克服这些挑战，需要进行自然人类系统的方法和分析。这些提供了改进的生物多样性和生态系统服务方案，这些方案将直接和间接驱动因素的输出（例如土地使用，入侵物种，过度开发，生物多样性，环境变化和污染）融为一体。最终的模型提供了一种方法上的最先进，可导致更准确的定量评估，更好的土地利用和更有效的生态系统服务。这个国际协作研究项目使用此方法来开发为泥泞的洪泛区（即白水）河流及其邻近山地的泥泞洪泛区（即怀特沃特）河流的场景。之所以选择亚马逊洪泛区，是因为它们是热带河流洪泛区的典型特征，这些洪泛区支持高水平的生物多样性，并提供基本的服务，例如水净化，鱼类栖息地和缓解洪水。 像其他热带河流系统一样，亚马逊维持了许多土著和贫困人口的生计及其洪水平原越来越受到大坝，农业，牧场，道路和铁路网络的扩张以及气候变化等发展的威胁。例如，自1970年代后期以来，在亚马逊下部，洪泛区森林覆盖层的覆盖层已经丢失。该项目研究了两条对比鲜明的白水河流的洪泛区：亚马逊河（巴西和哥伦比亚）及其支流尤鲁亚河（巴西）。该研究始于与利益相关者合作的合作计划过程，该过程反映了当地的关注点和优先事项，并依靠对该地区的当地知识建立知识。工作涉及使用遥感和现场数据绘制目标洪泛区和相邻的高地栖息地。目标是预测气候变化情景下的洪水模式的变化，并建模生物多样性，栖息地类型，水文学和管理制度之间的相互作用，结果将结果传播到利益相关者和更广泛的科学界。这项工作的更广泛影响包括与巴西，哥伦比亚，法国，挪威，德国和英国的科学家的国际合作，以及对热带河流洪泛区的人们如何影响渔业，粮食安全，水质，水质和生物多样性的了解。其他更广泛的影响包括开发用于栖息地和生物多样性评估的模板以及可以应用并适用于热带景观跨越类似类型的河流洪泛区的参与性计划。该项目还支持一名研究人员，其性别在科学中的代表性不足。该奖项支持参与一个由16个国家通过贝尔蒙特论坛（Belmont Forum）通过贝尔蒙特论坛（Belmont Forum）组成的26个融资机构竞争性选择的项目，通过贝尔蒙特论坛（Belmont Forum）呼吁提出有关“生物多样性和生态系统服务方案”的建议。该呼吁是一项多边倡议，旨在支持研究项目，该项目有助于开发场景，模型和决策支持工具，以理解和解决我们地球面临的关键问题。竞争的目的是改善和应用参与式方案方法，以增强研究相关性及其接受度，并解决对影响驱动因素和政策干预措施进行建模方法的差距。它还是要开发和传达与模型相关的不确定性水平，以改善数据可访问性并填补知识的空白。资金为我们的参与者提供了一个大型，七国的国际科学家联盟，该联盟正在研究亚马逊盆地的水生物界面。这些领域支持高水平的生物多样性，并为人口提供基本服务，例如净水，鱼类栖息地和减轻洪水，以及维持生计和粮食安全的生计和粮食安全。 在过去的几十年中，发展，耕种，牧场和商业渔业破坏了亚马逊河洪泛区资源使用的传统模式。这项研究的目标是利用两条主要和对比的白水河的洪泛区：主流亚马逊河（巴西和哥伦比亚）及其支流The Jurua（巴西）来对比人类发展对其身体特征和生物多样性的影响。 该项目与包括当地土著人民在内的主要利益相关者参与研究共同设计。工作将涉及使用遥感和现场数据绘制洪泛区和相邻的高地栖息地；预测气候变化情景下洪水模式的变化；并建模生物多样性，栖息地类型，水文学和管理制度之间的相互作用。该项目将使用基于卫星的浮游植物多样性的映射测试遥感中的新方法，并使用新近可用的Spaceborne LiDar数据估算森林生物量。它将根据水文连通性和觅食模式进行环境DNA元代码编码和模型鱼运动来评估淡水生态学。参与性的前瞻性分析将在支持物种分布模型的支持下，使场景的集体定义能够分析对生物多样性的可能影响。这项工作的结果以及当地知识和利益相关者的反馈将可以深入分析与湿地保护和可持续发展目标目标有关的公共政策效率。这项工作还将导致开发用于栖息地和生物多样性评估的模板，以及可以对南美，非洲和东南亚的类似洪泛区系统进行应用和适应的多规模场景的参与式建模。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估了基金会的范围，并通过评估了基金会的范围。