CAREER: Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst & Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy

职业：将南极寒冷沙漠地下水与热喀斯特连接起来

• 批准号: 1847067
• 负责人: Joseph Levy
• 金额: $ 50.78万
• 依托单位: Colgate University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-30 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1847067&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Linking; Antarctic; Cold; Desert

Antarctic groundwater drives the regional carbon cycle and can accelerate permafrost thaw shaping Antarctic surface features. However, groundwater extent, flow, and processes on a continent virtually locked in ice are poorly understood. The proposed work investigates the interplay between groundwater, sediment, and ice in Antarctica's cold desert landscape to determine when, where, and why Antarctic groundwater is flowing, and how it may evolve Antarctic frozen deserts from dry and stable to wet and dynamic. Mapping the changing extent of Antarctic near-surface groundwater requires the ability to measure soil moisture rapidly and repeatedly over large areas. The research will capture changes in near-surface groundwater distribution through an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mapping approach. The project integrates a diverse range of sensors with new UAV technologies to provide a higher-resolution and more frequent assessment of Antarctic groundwater extent and composition than can be accomplished using satellite observations alone. To complement the research objectives, the PI will develop a new UAV summer field school, the Geosciences UAV Academy, focused on training undergraduate-level UAV pilots in conducting novel earth sciences research using cutting edge imaging tools. The integration of research and technology will prepare students for careers in UAV-related industries and research. The project will deliver new UAV tools and workflows for soil moisture mapping relevant to arid regions including Antarctica as well as temperate desert and dryland systems and will train student research pilots to tackle next generation airborne challenges. Water tracks are the basic hydrological unit that currently feeds the rapidly-changing permafrost and wetlands in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV). Despite the importance of water tracks in the MDV hydrologic cycle and their influence on biogeochemistry, little is known about how these water tracks control the unique brine processes operating in Antarctic ice-free areas. Both groundwater availability and geochemistry shape Antarctic microbial communities, connecting soil geology and hydrology to carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning. The objectives of this CAREER proposal are to 1) map water tracks to determine the spatial distribution and seasonal magnitude of groundwater impacts on the MDV near-surface environment to determine how near-surface groundwater drives permafrost thaw and enhances chemical weathering and biogeochemical cycling; 2) establish a UAV academy training earth sciences students to answer geoscience questions using drone-based platforms and remote sensing techniques; and 3) provide a formative step in the development of the PI as a teacher-scholar. UAV-borne hyperspectral imaging complemented with field soil sampling will determine the aerial extent and timing of inundation, water level, and water budget of representative water tracks in the MDV. Soil moisture will be measured via near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy while bulk chemistry of soils and groundwater will be analyzed via ion chromatography and soil x-ray fluorescence. Sedimentological and hydrological properties will be determined via analysis of intact core samples. These data will be used to test competing hypotheses regarding the origin of water track solutions and water movement through seasonal wetlands. The work will provide a regional understanding of groundwater sources, shallow groundwater flux, and the influence of regional hydrogeology on solute export to the Southern Ocean and on soil/atmosphere linkages in earth's carbon budget. The UAV school will 1) provide comprehensive instruction at the undergraduate level in both how and why UAVs can advance geoscience research and learning; and 2) provide educational infrastructure for an eventual self-sustaining summer program for undergraduate UAV education.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南极地下水驱动区域碳循环，并可以加速永久冻土塑造南极的表面特征。但是，几乎锁在冰上的大陆上的地下水范围，流动和过程知之甚少。拟议的工作调查了南极洲冷漠的沙漠景观中地下水，沉积物和冰之间的相互作用，以确定南极地下水何时，地点和为什么流动，以及它如何将南极冷冻的沙漠从干燥和稳定变为潮湿和动态。映射南极近地下地下水的变化程度，需要在大面积上快速和反复测量土壤水分的能力。该研究将通过无人机（UAV）映射方法捕获近地下地下水分布的变化。该项目将各种传感器与新的无人机技术集成在一起，以提供对南极地下水范围和组成的更高分辨率和更频繁的评估，而不是仅使用卫星观测值来完成。为了补充研究目标，PI将开发一所新的无人机夏季野外学校，地球科学无人机学院，重点是培训本科级别的无人机飞行员，用于使用尖端成像工具进行新颖的地球科学研究。研究和技术的整合将使学生为与无人机相关的行业和研究的职业做好准备。该项目将提供新的无人机工具和工作流程，用于与包括南极以及温带沙漠和旱地系统在内的干旱地区相关的土壤水分映射，并将培训学生研究飞行员，以应对下一代空中挑战。 水轨是目前在南极McMurdo Dry Valleys（MDV）中供应快速变化的多年冻土和湿地的基本水文单元。尽管水轨在MDV水文循环中的重要性及其对生物地球化学的影响，但对于这些水跟踪如何控制在南极无冰区域运行的独特盐水过程，知之甚少。地下水的可用性和地球化学构成了南极微生物群落，将土壤地质和水文学连接到碳循环和生态系统功能。该职业建议的目标是1）绘制水轨，以确定地下水对MDV近地面环境的空间分布和季节性幅度，以确定近地面地下水如何驱动永久冻土并增强化学风化和生物地球化学循环； 2）建立一个无人机学院培训地球科学学生，使用基于无人机的平台和遥感技术回答地球科学问题； 3）在PI作为教师cholar的发展中提供了形成的步骤。与田间土壤采样相辅相成的无人机传播高光谱成像将决定MDV中代表性水轨的淹没，水位和水预算的空中范围和时间。土壤水分将通过近红外反射光谱进行测量，而将通过离子色谱和土壤X射线荧光分析土壤和地下水的大量化学。沉积和水文特性将通过分析完整的核心样品来确定。这些数据将用于测试有关水轨解决方案的起源和通过季节性湿地运动的起源的竞争假设。这项工作将提供对地下水，浅层地下水的区域理解，以及区域水文学对溶质出口到南大洋以及地球预算中土壤/大气连接的影响。无人机学校将在本科生中提供全面的指导，以如何以及为什么UAV可以推进地球科学的研究和学习； 2）提供教育基础设施，为本科无人机教育的最终自我维持的夏季计划提供教育基础设施。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估评估标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Detection and community-level identification of microbial mats in the McMurdo Dry Valleys using drone-based hyperspectral reflectance imaging

使用基于无人机的高光谱反射成像对麦克默多干谷中的微生物垫进行检测和群落级识别

• DOI: 10.1017/s0954102020000243
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Antarctic Science
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Levy, Joseph;Cary, S. Craig;Joy, Kurt;Lee, Charles K.
• 通讯作者: Lee, Charles K.

Meandering river evolution in an unvegetated permafrost environment

• DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108705
• 发表时间: 2023-04-25
• 期刊: GEOMORPHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Levy，Joseph S.;Cvijanovich，Bronson
• 通讯作者: Cvijanovich，Bronson

Rapid Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Salts on the Garwood Ice Cliff, Antarctica: Insights into Atmospherically-Controlled Albedo Change and Groundwater Formation and Implications for Martian RSL

南极洲加伍德冰崖上盐的快速潮解和风化：深入了解大气控制的反照率变化和地下水形成以及对火星 RSL 的影响

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Workshop on Terrestrial Analogs for Planetary Exploration
• 作者: Levy, J. S.;Deutsch, A. N.;Head, J. W.;Dickson, J. L.
• 通讯作者: Dickson, J. L.

Episodic basin-scale soil moisture anomalies associated with high relative humidity events in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

与南极洲麦克默多干谷高相对湿度事件相关的间歇性盆地规模土壤湿度异常

• DOI: 10.1017/s0954102021000341
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Antarctic Science
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Levy, Joseph

Drone-Based Measurements of Soil Water Content in Potential RSL Analogs: Hyperspectral Moisture Mapping of Hydrothermal Spring Discharge in the Alvord Desert, Oregon

基于无人机的潜在 RSL 类似物土壤含水量测量：俄勒冈州阿尔沃德沙漠热泉排放的高光谱湿度测绘

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
• 作者: Johnson, J.