Collaborative Research: Quantifying the trophic roles of epipelagic ctenophores

合作研究：量化上层栉水母的营养作用

基本信息

批准号：
1829945
负责人：
Brad Gemmell
金额：
$ 28.78万
依托单位：
University of South Florida
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829945&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Quantifying trophic roles

项目摘要

Ctenophores are gelatinous predators found throughout the world's oceans, and their predatory impacts can profoundly affect planktonic communities. A variety of methods employed marine scientists have converged to demonstrate the key roles these animals play in determining planktonic composition and energy flows in coastal systems. The role of oceanic ctenophores, however, is still sparsely documented. Oceanic ctenophores are characterized by more delicate gelatinous bodies that usually do not survive capture by conventional nets and do not perform naturally when transferred from their wall-less oceanic environment to shipboard bottles and containers. The difficulty in obtaining quantitative measurements on feeding by oceanic species has limited the ability to understand the role of these organisms in oceanic systems. This project will transform the capabilities to quantify key processes of oceanic ctenophores with in situ studies. However, ctenophores are not the only delicate oceanic animals that will benefit from developing advanced in situ methods. Similar techniques and approaches can be applied to other groups such as cnidarian siphonophores, pelagic molluscs, marine snow and large protists such as radiolarians. Additionally, successful application of these methods by divers will open the path for applications on Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and other submersibles that can greatly extend the depth and range of the techniques. Training of new scientists will involve postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduates. The investigators will broaden public science outreach by using contacts with media and aquariums involved in public education to communicate new findings to a wide public audience.This project will address the challenge of obtaining information about the role and activity of pelagic oceanic ctenophores by adapting methods developed in the laboratory and employing them in a field setting. The investigators have adapted high-speed, high-resolution imaging and fluid-mechanics methods to the animal?s in situ environment. These methods are particularly appropriate for field measurements of animals that are intractable for controlled laboratory studies and must be studied in situ, such as oceanic ctenophores. The goal in this project will be to apply high-speed, in situ particle image velocimetry (PIV) and bright field imaging systems to study a suite of oceanic ctenophores possessing distinct morphologies with potentially variable trophic roles to quantify: a) their flow and feeding mechanics; b) their ingestion rates and prey selection; and c) their trophic impacts. The results will enable inclusion of about the activities of these widespread and important animals in models of epipelagic food web dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

栉水母是遍布世界海洋的胶状捕食者，它们的捕食影响可以深刻影响浮游生物群落。海洋科学家采用了多种方法来证明这些动物在确定沿海系统中的浮游成分和能量流方面发挥的关键作用。然而，海洋栉水母的作用仍然鲜有记录。海洋栉水母的特点是更脆弱的凝胶状体，通常无法通过传统的网捕获而幸存下来，并且当从无壁海洋环境转移到船上瓶子和容器时也不能自然地发挥作用。获得海洋物种摄食的定量测量的困难限制了了解这些生物在海洋系统中的作用的能力。该项目将通过原位研究转变量化海洋栉水母关键过程的能力。然而，栉水母并不是唯一将从开发先进的原位方法中受益的脆弱海洋动物。类似的技术和方法可以应用于其他类群，例如刺胞动物、远洋软体动物、海洋雪和大型原生生物（例如放射虫）。此外，潜水员成功应用这些方法将为遥控潜水器（ROV）和其他潜水器的应用开辟道路，从而大大扩展该技术的深度和范围。新科学家的培训将涉及博士后、研究生和本科生。研究人员将通过与参与公共教育的媒体和水族馆的联系来扩大公共科学外展，向广大公众传播新发现。该项目将通过采用已开发的方法来解决获取有关远洋栉水母的作用和活动的信息的挑战在实验室中并在现场环境中使用它们。研究人员针对动物的原位环境采用了高速、高分辨率成像和流体力学方法。这些方法特别适合对难以进行受控实验室研究且必须在原位进行研究的动物进行现场测量，例如海洋栉水母。该项目的目标是应用高速原位粒子图像测速 (PIV) 和明场成像系统来研究一组具有不同形态、具有潜在可变营养作用的海洋栉水母，以量化：a) 它们的流动和摄食机械师； b) 它们的摄取率和猎物选择； c) 它们的营养影响。研究结果将使这些分布广泛且重要的动物的活动纳入远洋食物网动力学模型中。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（16）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Cool your jets: biological jet propulsion in marine invertebrates

冷却你的喷气机：海洋无脊椎动物的生物喷气推进

DOI：
10.1242/jeb.222083
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Biology
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Gemmell, Brad J.;Dabiri, John O.;Colin, Sean P.;Costello, John H.;Townsend, James P.;Sutherland, Kelly R.
通讯作者：
Sutherland, Kelly R.

Jellyfish and Fish Solve the Challenges of Turning Dynamics Similarly to Achieve High Maneuverability

水母和鱼同样解决转弯动力学挑战，实现高机动性

DOI：
10.3390/fluids5030106
发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
Fluids
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Dabiri, John O.;Colin, Sean P.;Gemmell, Brad J.;Lucas, Kelsey N.;Leftwich, Megan C.;Costello, John H.
通讯作者：
Costello, John H.

A fundamental propulsive mechanism employed by swimmers and flyers throughout the animal kingdom

整个动物界游泳者和飞行者采用的基本推进机制

DOI：
10.1242/jeb.245346
发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Biology
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Costello, John H.;Colin, Sean P.;Gemmell, Brad J.;Dabiri, John O.;Kanso, Eva A.
通讯作者：
Kanso, Eva A.

The Hydrodynamics of Jellyfish Swimming

水母游泳的流体动力学

DOI：
10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
Annual Review of Marine Science
影响因子：
17.3
作者：
Costello, John H.;Colin, Sean P.;Dabiri, John O.;Gemmell, Brad J.;Lucas, Kelsey N.;Sutherland, Kelly R.
通讯作者：
Sutherland, Kelly R.

Developing Biohybrid Robotic Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) for Free-swimming Tests in the Laboratory and in the Field

开发生物混合机器人水母（Aurelia aurita），用于实验室和现场的自由游泳测试

DOI：
10.21769/bioprotoc.3974
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
BIO-PROTOCOL
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Xu, Nicole;Townsend, James;Costello, John;Colin, Sean;Gemmell, Brad;Dabiri, John
通讯作者：
Dabiri, John