CAREER: Transparent, passivating, and carrier-selective heterojunction contacts for silicon and cadmium telluride solar cells

职业:用于硅和碲化镉太阳能电池的透明、钝化和载流子选择性异质结接触

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1846685
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 50万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2019-03-01 至 2024-02-29
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Nontechnical:This CAREER project aims to increase the efficiency of conversion of sunlight into electricity by solar cells. The project will explore the materials science and physics of electrical contacts to solar cells. In so doing, it will advance the understanding of how these contacts limit the operation of the cells. Every solar cell must perform two processes: convert light into excited electrons and extract those electrons in the form of current. The former process is performed by a semiconductor absorber material; the latter by two electrical contacts between which the absorber is sandwiched. Although solar cells are mass manufactured and now generate 1% of the electricity consumed in the U.S., there are still fundamental questions that are unanswered. The research community does not yet understand which properties determine if a material will make an excellent electrical contact and how to quickly find and make materials with the desired properties. This project will provide answers to these questions with a combination of measurements and simulations applied to existing model systems, as well as experiments to use the resulting understanding to develop new contacts. Success in the project will lay the groundwork for solar cells that are 10-15% more efficient than today's cells, reducing the cost of solar electricity generation to below 3 cents per kilowatt-hour. This, in turn, is predicted to accelerate the deployment of solar energy, resulting in 17% of U.S. electricity being generated by solar in 2030 instead of the 5% projected in a business-as-usual scenario. In addition to these scientific, environmental, and societal impacts, this project will also train community college, undergraduate, and graduate students for the 260,000 solar jobs presently in the US through a week-long, hands-on "Solar Cell 101" course in which they make cells and modules from start to finish.Technical:Many photovoltaic (PV) technologies have arrived at absorber materials that have low non-radiative recombination rates and thus could support cell voltages approaching the detailed-balance limit, but no technology has developed comparatively ideal electrical contacts that are transparent, that passivate the absorber surface, and that selectively extract electrons or holes from the absorber. This project targets key questions that inhibit rapid progress in heterojunction contact understanding and technology using (1) a characterization suite that links together the properties of carrier-selective layers, contacts containing those layers, and PV cells containing those contacts, and (2) a new deposition technique using dry-cluster spraying to enable intimate control of the stoichiometry of contact layers without sputter damage. These two platforms will be applied to crystalline silicon and cadmium telluride PV cells as model systems, as these technologies have readily available high-quality absorbers (which makes interpretation of the function of the contacts more apparent), a collection of previously developed contacts for these materials is available for analysis but ideal contacts have yet to be discovered, and any advances in understanding and technology resulting from the project will have large research and commercial impact. After studying the underlying physics of state-of-the-art existing contacts, the project will progress to depositing and testing heretofore unexplored carrier-selective layers, including wide-bandgap, heavily doped, amorphous or polycrystalline III-V materials. This research will address the critical impediment--excellent contacts--to 27%-efficient silicon PV cells and 25%-efficient cadmium telluride cells.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
非技术性:这个职业项目旨在提高太阳能电池将阳光转化为电力的效率。该项目将探索与太阳能电池电气接触的材料科学和物理。这样一来,它将提高对这些接触方式如何限制单元格的理解。每个太阳能电池必须执行两个过程:将光转换为激发电子,并以电流形式提取这些电子。以前的过程是由半导体吸收器材料进行的。后者通过两种电触点,将吸收剂夹在其中。尽管太阳能电池是大量生产的,现在产生了美国消耗的1%的电池,但仍有基本问题未得到解决。研究界尚不了解哪些属性决定了材料是否会产生出色的电气接触以及如何快速找到和制造具有所需特性的材料。该项目将通过应用于现有模型系统的测量和模拟以及使用结果理解来开发新联系的实验,为这些问题提供答案。该项目的成功将为太阳能电池奠定基础,该太阳能电池的效率比当今的电池高10-15%,从而将太阳能发电的成本降低到每千瓦时3美分以下。反过来,预计这将加速太阳能的部署,从而导致17%的美国电力在2030年发电,而不是预计的5%在业务态度的情况下。除了这些科学,环境和社会影响外,该项目还将通过为期一周的动手实践的“太阳能电池101”课程来培训社区大学,本科生和研究生为260,000个太阳能工作,从而使细胞和模块从开始到结束。接近详细的降低极限的支撑电池电压,但是没有任何技术开发出相对理想的电触点,这些电触点是透明的,可以钝化吸收器表面,并且从吸收剂中有选择地提取电子或孔。该项目针对关键问题,这些问题使用(1)使用(1)使用(1)将载体选择性层的特性,包含这些层的接触和包含这些接触的PV单元链接在一起的特征套件,以及(2)使用干簇喷涂的新的沉积技术,而无需启用spoichiement spoichiement spoto the Spoto,而无需启用spoichieptime spoichiemetry,则该项目抑制了抑制异性结构接触和技术的快速进步。这两个平台将应用于结晶硅和晚他的尿尿物PV细胞作为模型系统,因为这些技术很容易获得高质量的吸收剂(这使得对触点的功能的解释更为明显),因此,这些材料的先前开发的联系人的集合可以用于这些材料,但对分析进行了尚未发现的既定,并且在理解和技术方面都可以进行大量的研究,并将其产生的技术影响范围。在研究了最新的现有联系人的基本物理学后,该项目将进展为迄今未开发的载体选择层,包括宽带式载体,掺杂,无定形或多晶IIII-V材料。这项研究将解决关键障碍 - 效率高27%的硅PV细胞和25%效率的trinuride细胞。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务,并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Understanding what limits the voltage of polycrystalline CdSeTe solar cells
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41560-022-00985-z
  • 发表时间:
    2022-03-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    56.7
  • 作者:
    Onno, Arthur;Reich, Carey;Holman, Zachary C.
  • 通讯作者:
    Holman, Zachary C.
Overcoming Redox Reactions at Perovskite-Nickel Oxide Interfaces to Boost Voltages in Perovskite Solar Cells
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.joule.2020.06.004
  • 发表时间:
    2020-08-19
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    39.8
  • 作者:
    Boyd, Caleb C.;Shallcross, R. Clayton;McGehee, Michael D.
  • 通讯作者:
    McGehee, Michael D.
Passivation, conductivity, and selectivity in solar cell contacts: Concepts and simulations based on a unified partial-resistances framework
  • DOI:
    10.1063/1.5117201
  • 发表时间:
    2019-11
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.2
  • 作者:
    A. Onno;Christopher Chen;Priyaranga Koswatta;M. Boccard;Z. Holman
  • 通讯作者:
    A. Onno;Christopher Chen;Priyaranga Koswatta;M. Boccard;Z. Holman
共 3 条
  • 1
前往

Zachary Holman其他文献

Analysis of electrically conductive adhesives in shingled solar modules by X-ray imaging techniques
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114627
    10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114627
  • 发表时间:
    2022-09-01
    2022-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Barry Hartweg;Kathryn Fisher;Sridhar Niverty;Nikhilesh Chawla;Zachary Holman
    Barry Hartweg;Kathryn Fisher;Sridhar Niverty;Nikhilesh Chawla;Zachary Holman
  • 通讯作者:
    Zachary Holman
    Zachary Holman
In-flightプラズマCVDによるシリコンナノ粒子合成と太陽電池への応用
飞行等离子体 CVD 合成硅纳米颗粒及其在太阳能电池中的应用
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2010
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    野崎智洋;Ryan Gresback;Zachary Holman;鐘ヶ江俊輔;岡崎健
    野崎智洋;Ryan Gresback;Zachary Holman;鐘ヶ江俊輔;岡崎健
  • 通讯作者:
    岡崎健
    岡崎健
Qualification of laser-weld interconnection of aluminum foil to back-contact silicon solar cells
铝箔与背接触硅太阳能电池激光焊接互连的鉴定
共 3 条
  • 1
前往

Zachary Holman的其他基金

EAGER:TDM Solar Cells: Collaborative Research: 30%-Efficient, Stable Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells
EAGER:TDM%20Solar%20%20%20Cells:%20Collaborative%20研究:%20%20%2030%-高效、%20Stable%20钙钛矿/硅%20Monolithic%20Tandem%20Solar%20Cells
  • 批准号:
    1664710
    1664710
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50万
    $ 50万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
    Standard Grant
REU Site: Solar Energy Research for the Terawatt Challenge
REU 网站:应对太瓦挑战的太阳能研究
  • 批准号:
    1560031
    1560031
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50万
    $ 50万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
    Standard Grant
UNS: Collaborative Research: 30%-Efficient III-V/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
UNS:%20协作%20研究:%2030%-高效%20III-V/硅%20串联%20太阳能%20电池
  • 批准号:
    1509864
    1509864
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50万
    $ 50万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
    Standard Grant
EAPSI: Novel solar cells using silicon nanocrystals synthesized in an atmospheric pressure plasma
EAPSI:使用在大气压等离子体中合成的硅纳米晶体的新型太阳能电池
  • 批准号:
    1014982
    1014982
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 50万
    $ 50万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award
    Fellowship Award

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