Collaborative Research: CubeSat: High-Cadence Measurement of Solar Flare Hard X-rays

合作研究：CubeSat：太阳耀斑硬 X 射线的高节奏测量

• 批准号: 1840944
• 负责人: John Sample
• 金额: $ 43.8万
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1840944&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CubeSat; Cadence; Measurement

The IMpulsive Phase Rapid Energetic Solar Spectrometer (IMPRESS) experiment is a CubeSat science mission to study hard X-ray emission from solar flares. IMPRESS will develop a new CubeSat-based capability to observe a wide range of solar flares (from microflares to X class flares) with high time and energy resolutions. These new observations of solar hard X-ray emissions will address outstanding problems in high-energy solar physics and advance our scientific understanding of solar flares, which play an important role in the development of space weather in the near-Earth environment. The project will also support integration of research and education to develop a knowledgeable STEM workforce. The project will support an early career female PI and provide her an opportunity to lead a CubeSat mission. This is important because it is a step towards developing senior leadership. Women are under-represented at senior leadership positions in geospace sciences.The Impulsive Phase Rapid Energetic Solar Spectrometer (IMPRESS) is a solar hard X-ray (HXR) spectrometer based on proven instrument concepts and carried on a 3U CubeSat platform. IMPRESS will perform HXR spectroscopy of solar flares in the rising phase of Solar Cycle 25. The target launch date is late 2021 into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with an inclination angle less than 60? and altitudes greater than 450 km. The scientific objectives of the IMPRESS mission are (1) to investigate flare electron acceleration timescales by measuring short (2 second) spikes in HXR time profiles; (2) to investigate electron beaming in solar flares via stereoscopic HXR directivity measurements; (3) in collaboration with new space-based instruments, to provide a complete assessment of flare-accelerated electron distributions from thermal to non-thermal energies; (4) to develop and demonstrate a high-energy radiation detector that can measure a vast range of brightnesses in solar flares, precipitating electron microbursts, and other astrophysical bursts without pileup or saturation. This project will provide training and education opportunities for students at all levels (freshman through graduate students). The project will also engage students from a local community college CubeSat design and development phase. Solar activity is the ultimate source of all space weather and IMPRESS will study the fundamental particle acceleration that occurs in flares as a way to better understand the processes which impact earth and the geospace environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

冲动相的快速能量太阳能光谱仪（印象）实验是研究来自太阳耀斑的硬X射线发射的立方体科学任务。 Impress将开发出新的基于立方体的能力，可以观察到具有较高时间和能量分辨率的各种太阳耀斑（从微片到X级耀斑）。这些对太阳硬X射线排放的新观察结果将解决高能太阳能物理学中的杰出问题，并提高我们对太阳能耀斑的科学理解，这在近美环境中太空天气的发展中起着重要作用。该项目还将支持研究和教育的整合，以发展知识渊博的STEM劳动力。该项目将支持早期职业女性PI，并为她提供了领导Cubesat任务的机会。这很重要，因为这是迈向发展高级领导的一步。妇女在地理水平科学领域的高级领导职位中的代表性不足。冲动阶段快速能量太阳能光谱仪（Impress）是基于经过验证的仪器概念并在3U立方体平台上携带的太阳能硬X射线（HXR）光谱仪。在太阳周期25的上升阶段，印象将对太阳耀斑进行HXR光谱。目标发射日期2021年后期进入低地轨道（LEO），其倾斜角小于60？高度大于450公里。 Impress Mission的科学目标是（1）通过测量HXR时间概况中的短（2秒）尖峰来研究火炬电子加速度时间； （2）通过立体HXR方向性测量来研究太阳耀斑中的电子光束； （3）与新的空间仪器合作，提供从热能到非热能的耀斑加速电子分布的完整评估； （4）开发和演示高能辐射探测器，该检测器可以测量太阳耀斑中的大量亮度，沉淀的电子微库以及其他没有堆积或饱和的天体物理爆发。该项目将为各级学生（通过研究生新生）提供培训和教育机会。该项目还将吸引当地社区学院Cubesat设计与开发阶段的学生。太阳能活动是所有太空天气的最终来源，印象将研究耀斑中发生的基本粒子加速度，以便更好地理解影响地球和地理环境的过程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得的。通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来支持。