Doctoral Dissertation Research: Dynamic Socio-economic Systems and Cultural Ecosystem Services: The case of oyster aquaculture.

博士论文研究：动态社会经济系统和文化生态系统服务：牡蛎养殖案例。

• 批准号: 1822266
• 负责人: Laura Shaffer
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822266&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Dynamic; Socio

The research supported by this award will investigate cultural ecosystem services. Ecosystem services, the benefits provided by an ecosystem, are one basis for assigning value to healthy ecosystems. Services include the capacity of an ecosystem to provide food and water, to help mitigate environmental impacts, to produce essential nutrients, and to provide cultural opportunities and experiences. Cultural ecosystem services, such as fishing and birdwatching, are hard to price, however, and consequently have received less attention even though they may outweigh other services in terms of perceived importance. To enhance understanding of cultural ecosystem services, the researcher will investigate fishing-related cultural services and the impacts that may result from the introduction of aquaculture to supplement or replace declining fisheries. The research is important because fisheries throughout the United States are threatened. Communities risk losing the industry that shaped their towns, local identities, and associated jobs unless alternatives are introduced that can match all of the services associated with their declining fishery, including the highly valued cultural services. The research will be undertaken by University of Maryland anthropology doctoral student Adriane Michaelis, who is supervised by Dr. Laura J. Shaffer. The researcher has chosen to focus on oyster aquaculture, which, although known to provide many of the services associated with wild oyster fisheries, has not been studied from the perspective of its associated cultural services. The research has a comparative design. Data collection will take place in three culturally distinctive regions -- the Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, and coastal New England --where aquaculture of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) now occurs. The research is framed with three overarching questions: 1) What are the cultural services obtained through oyster aquaculture and how do they rank amongst related ecosystem services? 2) How do these cultural services vary regionally and according to different participant attributes? 3) Can oyster aquaculture provide the same types of cultural services as public fisheries? The researcher will gather data through a mix of ethnographic methods including through semi-structured interviews with oyster farmers, commercial fishermen, and community members; participant observation; photovoice; and a Q-sort survey using a standard platform. By looking at the effects of shifting from public to private fisheries, findings from the research will contribute to improved social scientific understanding of socio-ecological systems as dynamic systems. Findings will also help resource managers expand their understanding of the costs and benefits of different management choices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持的研究将调查文化生态系统服务。生态系统服务，即生态系统提供的效益，是为健康的生态系统分配价值的基础之一。服务包括生态系统提供食物和水、帮助减轻环境影响、生产必需营养素以及提供文化机会和体验的能力。然而，渔业和观鸟等文化生态系统服务很难定价，因此受到的关注较少，尽管它们在感知重要性方面可能超过其他服务。为了加深对文化生态系统服务的了解，研究人员将调查与渔业相关的文化服务以及引入水产养殖以补充或取代日益衰退的渔业可能产生的影响。 这项研究很重要，因为美国各地的渔业都受到威胁。社区面临着失去塑造其城镇、当地身份和相关就业机会的行业的风险，除非推出能够匹配与日益衰退的渔业相关的所有服务（包括高价值的文化服务）的替代方案。该研究将由马里兰大学人类学博士生 Adriane Michaelis 进行，并由 Laura J. Shaffer 博士指导。研究人员选择将重点放在牡蛎水产养殖上，尽管众所周知牡蛎水产养殖提供许多与野生牡蛎渔业相关的服务，但尚未从其相关文化服务的角度进行研究。该研究有比较设计。数据收集将在三个文化独特的地区进行：切萨皮克湾、墨西哥湾和新英格兰沿海地区，这些地区目前正在进行东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）的水产养殖。该研究围绕三个首要问题：1）通过牡蛎养殖获得哪些文化服务以及它们在相关生态系统服务中的排名如何？ 2）这些文化服务如何因地区和不同参与者属性而异？ 3）牡蛎养殖能否提供与公共渔业相同类型的文化服务？研究人员将通过多种民族志方法收集数据，包括对牡蛎养殖者、商业渔民和社区成员进行半结构化访谈；参与观察；照相语音；以及使用标准平台的 Q 排序调查。通过研究从公共渔业转向私人渔业的影响，研究结果将有助于提高社会科学对社会生态系统作为动态系统的理解。研究结果还将帮助资源管理者加深对不同管理选择的成本和收益的理解。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。