EAGER: ISN: Network Analysis and Opportunities for Disruption of Organ Trafficking

EAGER：ISN：网络分析和破坏器官贩运的机会

• 批准号: 1838306
• 负责人: Naoru Koizumi
• 金额: $ 29.15万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-11-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838306&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; ISN; Network; Analysis; Opportunities

This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) award will contribute to the advancement of national security and welfare through a greater understanding of the worldwide operations of illicit organ trafficking networks. The system of organ trafficking is known to be complex; it consists of multiple players such as kidney sellers (often poor, young and healthy), buyers (affluent but desperate), transplant service providers (surgeons, hospitals and other agents), brokers (who often provide similar services to other illicit trades) and financial institutions that knowingly or unknowingly participate in passing money from the buyers to other actors. Inter-actor social networks are inherent in organ trafficking since the system tends to operate and expand through social connections. This award seeks to establish a fundamental understanding of the network structure, including incentives and behavioral patterns of the participants, linkages between the participants, and its dynamic evolution. The transdisciplinary nature of this project, involving social scientists, operations researchers, and health and health policy professionals, provides an opportunity to examine the nature of organ trafficking networks from multiple perspectives and to discover structural patterns and network disruption strategies that may not be easily discerned otherwise. The results of this research will be disseminated widely to assist law enforcement in detecting trafficking crime and and policy makers in developing effective policies and regulations to disrupt these networks.This research project develops an analytical framework to examine structural patterns and evolution of organ trafficking networks. The framework will: i) deploy an agent-based simulation model to characterize such networks based on limited but reliable data from the field; ii) provide a network analysis to investigate structural connections and their vulnerabilities in the networks; and iii) explore optimization methods to derive effective strategies to disrupt these networks. The impact of properties that distinguish these networks from other illicit supply networks, namely the higher profit per transaction, involvement of highly skilled, often high profile actors (physicians, lab technicians, etc.) and required access to specialized facilities and equipment will be studied as a potential points of leverage.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项探索性研究的早期概念赠款（急切）奖将通过对非法器官贩运网络的全球运营有更多了解，从而为国家安全和福利的发展做出贡献。众所周知，器官运输系统很复杂。它由多个参与者组成，例如肾脏卖家（通常是贫穷，年轻和健康），买家（富裕但绝望），移植服务提供商（外科医生，医院和其他特工），经纪人（通常与其他非法行业提供类似的服务）和有意或在不知不觉中参与从买家到其他演员的金融机构。演员间社交网络是器官贩运中固有的，因为该系统倾向于通过社交联系运作和扩展。该奖项旨在建立对网络结构的基本理解，包括参与者的激励措施和行为模式，参与者之间的联系及其动态发展。该项目的跨学科性质涉及社会科学家，运营研究人员以及健康与健康政策专业人士，提供了一个机会，可以从多个角度从多个角度检查器官贩运网络的性质，并发现可能无法轻易识别的结构模式和网络破坏策略否则。 这项研究的结果将被广泛传播，以协助执法部门检测贩运犯罪和政策制定者制定有效的政策和法规以破坏这些网络。该研究项目开发了一个分析框架，以检查器官运输网络的结构模式和演变。框架将：i）部署基于代理的仿真模型，以基于有限但可靠的数据来表征此类网络； ii）提供网络分析，以研究网络中的结构连接及其脆弱性； iii）探索优化方法，以获取有效的策略来破坏这些网络。将这些网络与其他非法供应网络区分开的物业的影响，即每笔交易的利润更高，高技能，通常是知名参与者（医师，实验室技术人员等）的参与以及所需的访问专业设施和设备所需的访问作为杠杆的潜在点。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评论标准来评估值得支持的。

项目成果

The impact of country reimbursement programmes on living kidney donations

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002596
• 发表时间: 2020-08-01
• 期刊: BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH
• 影响因子: 8.1
• 作者: Siddique, Abu Bakkar;Apte, Vandana;Koizumi, Naoru
• 通讯作者: Koizumi, Naoru

Network Contagion vs. Spatial Contagion: The Diffusion of EHR Incentive Programs in Physician Networks

网络传染与空间传染：EHR 激励计划在医生网络中的扩散

• DOI: 10.24251/hicss.2021.442
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
• 作者: Li, Meng-Hao;Koizumi, Naoru
• 通讯作者: Koizumi, Naoru