The Affect Of Environmental Variation On Social Organization

环境变化对社会组织的影响

• 批准号: 1822008
• 负责人: Victor Thompson
• 金额: $ 19.22万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822008&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Affect; Environmental; Variation; Social; Organization

Drs. Thomas Pluckhahn (University of South Florida) and Victor Thompson (University of Georgia) will undertake research regarding the manner in which common property regimes shift over time in relation to changes in environmental and socio-political contexts. The longstanding notion that common property resources are effectively managed only through state control or private property regimes has been refuted time and again by anthropological and historical case studies demonstrating how social groups ranging from small communities to nation-states have devised effective systems of resource management, some of which endure for long periods of time. However, the manner in which common property institutions develop and change over time is poorly understood. As a result, researchers also lack the ability to reliably predict how existing regimes may change with respect to future perturbations in natural and social environments.Drs. Pluckhahn and Thompson, along with a team of graduate students and a post-doctoral scholar, will study changes in sea tenure?the collectively-managed use rights to fisheries?among the native societies of the Tampa Bay estuary during the late Holocene, from around AD 250 to 1650. Spanish accounts from the end of this time range describe a fractured socio-political landscape comprised of warring, territorially-based chiefdoms, while archaeological evidence from the earlier range of the time frame suggests a more dispersed population with less social stratification and little inter-group conflict. The research tests the hypothesis that this transformation was the result of changes in sea tenure occurring in conjunction with shifts in the natural and social environments, through a program of archaeological and paleoecological testing. For the reconstruction of ancient systems of sea tenure, the research employs isotopic studies of oyster shells in concert with the analysis of the relative abundance of shellfish species with varying salinity tolerances, to model habitat of collection. To reconstruct the local and regional manifestations of global shifts in climate, the researchers will collect pollen and sediments from wetlands adjacent to archaeological sites. Changes in socio-political organization will be identified through a program of archaeological testing and shallow geophysics at mound and village complexes. Temporal control is provided by a rigorous program of radiocarbon dating. This interdisciplinary dataset will contribute to a better understanding of how common property resource management systems may be remade over time and, in doing so, offer insights potentially useful for predicting changes in contemporary public policies regulating common-property resources as diverse as air, water, gene pools, and the internet.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

博士。 Thomas Pluckhahn（南佛罗里达大学）和 Victor Thompson（佐治亚大学）将开展关于共同财产制度随时间推移与环境和社会政治背景变化相关的变化方式的研究。长期以来的观念认为，只有通过国家控制或私有财产制度才能有效管理公共财产资源，这一观念已被人类学和历史案例研究一次又一次地驳斥，这些案例研究表明从小社区到民族国家的社会群体如何设计出有效的资源管理制度，其中一些会持续很长时间。然而，人们对共同财产制度随着时间的推移发展和变化的方式知之甚少。因此，研究人员也缺乏可靠预测现有制度如何因未来自然和社会环境扰动而变化的能力。普拉克哈恩和汤普森以及一个由研究生和博士后学者组成的团队将研究全新世晚期坦帕湾河口土著社会的海洋权（集体管理的渔业使用权）的变化，从大约公元 250 年至 1650 年。这一时期末期的西班牙记录描述了一个支离破碎的社会政治格局，其中包括交战的、以领土为基础的酋长管辖地，而早期的考古证据则表明，时间框架的范围表明人口更加分散，社会分层较少，群体间冲突也很少。该研究通过考古和古生态测试计划检验了这一假设，即这种转变是海洋保有权变化与自然和社会环境变化相结合的结果。为了重建古代海洋权制度，该研究采用牡蛎壳的同位素研究，结合对不同盐度耐受性的贝类物种相对丰度的分析，来模拟收集的栖息地。为了重建全球气候变化的局部和区域表现，研究人员将从考古遗址附近的湿地收集花粉和沉积物。将通过土丘和村庄综合体的考古测试和浅层地球物理学计划来确定社会政治组织的变化。严格的放射性碳测年计划提供了时间控制。这个跨学科数据集将有助于更好地理解公共财产资源管理系统如何随着时间的推移而重新构建，并在此过程中提供可能有助于预测当代公共政策变化的见解，这些公共政策监管空气、水、该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。