Collaborative Research: Solar Neutrino Science with Borexino: The Quest for CNO Neutrinos

合作研究：太阳中微子科学与 Borexino：寻找 CNO 中微子

• 批准号: 1821071
• 负责人: ROBERT VOGELAAR
• 金额: $ 26万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1821071&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Solar; Neutrino; Science

Solar neutrino research has already discovered massive neutrinos and flavor mixing and is moving into an era where precision measurements can provide a unique probe of the structure and composition of the Sun. The carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle is one of the fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, releasing electron-neutrinos. The CNO neutrino flux depends on the abundance of carbon in the core of the Sun. A measurement of the CNO flux would be the first direct measurement of the solar metallicity (the abundance of elements other than hydrogen or helium) in the core of the Sun. It could test the fundamental assumption of homogeneity in the Sun and provide crucial information regarding opacities in the solar interior that are important for helioseismology. Such studies could thus have a great impact on our understanding of the Sun, stellar astrophysics, the link between planetary and stellar formation, as well as basic neutrino physics. Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector, located at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy, with a unique sensitivity to solar neutrinos.The Borexino research program has involved many undergraduate and graduate students. Mentoring and training young researchers at the collaborating institutions and other schools has always been a high priority. The three groups will continue to involve undergraduate students in this research and disseminate research to the broader community.The research funded here plans to measure neutrinos from the catalytic reactions on 12-C and 15-N which convert four protons to 4-He, producing neutrinos from the beta decays of 13-N and 15-O. The CN neutrino flux depends directly on the abundance of 12-C and 15-N in the core of the Sun, and their measurement would be the first direct measurement of the metallicity (elements heavier than 4-He), in the core of the Sun. This result will be far reaching because the solar composition is the basis for many important topics in astrophysics, including stellar structure, stellar evolution, and stellar atmospheres, to name a few. In addition, it will address the 'solar composition problem', the apparent disagreement in metallicity determined from recent advances in analysis of solar photospheric optical spectra, which favors a low metallicity, and advances in helioseismology, which favors high metallicity. Since modifications of the Standard Solar Model to explain a non-uniform solar composition have not been very successful, the 'solar composition problem' remains an unexplained flaw in the Standard Solar Model.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

太阳中微子研究已经发现了大量的中微子和味道混合，并且正在进入一个精确测量可以为太阳的结构和成分提供独特探测的时代。碳-氮-氧（CNO）循环是恒星将氢转化为氦并释放电子中微子的聚变反应之一。 CNO 中微子通量取决于太阳核心碳的丰度。对 CNO 通量的测量将是对太阳核心太阳金属丰度（氢或氦以外元素的丰度）的首次直接测量。它可以测试太阳均匀性的基本假设，并提供有关太阳内部不透明度的重要信息，这对日震学很重要。因此，此类研究可能会对我们对太阳、恒星天体物理学、行星与恒星形成之间的联系以及基本中微子物理学的理解产生巨大影响。 Borexino是一种液体闪烁体探测器，位于意大利格兰萨索国家实验室，对太阳中微子具有独特的敏感性。Borexino的研究项目吸引了许多本科生和研究生。在合作机构和其他学校指导和培训年轻研究人员一直是重中之重。这三个小组将继续让本科生参与这项研究，并将研究成果传播到更广泛的社区。这里资助的研究计划测量 12-C 和 15-N 催化反应中的中微子，这些反应将四个质子转化为 4-He，产生来自 13-N 和 15-O β 衰变的中微子。 CN 中微子通量直接取决于太阳核心中 12-C 和 15-N 的丰度，它们的测量将是对太阳核心金属丰度（比 4-He 重的元素）的首次直接测量。太阳。这一结果将具有深远的影响，因为太阳成分是天体物理学许多重要主题的基础，包括恒星结构、恒星演化和恒星大气等。此外，它将解决“太阳成分问题”，这是根据太阳光球光谱分析的最新进展（有利于低金属丰度）和日震学的进展（有利于高金属丰度）确定的金属丰度的明显分歧。由于对标准太阳模型的修改来解释不均匀的太阳成分并不是很成功，“太阳成分问题”仍然是标准太阳模型中无法解释的缺陷。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得支持通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

Borexino’s search for low-energy neutrinos associated with gravitational wave events from GWTC-3 database: Borexino Collaboration

Borexino 从 GWTC-3 数据库中搜索与引力波事件相关的低能中微子：Borexino Collaboration

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11688-4
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Basilico, D.;Bellini, G.;Benziger, J.;Biondi, R.;Caccianiga, B.;Calaprice, F.;Caminata, A.;Chepurnov, A.;D’Angelo, D.;Derbin, A.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Sensitivity to neutrinos from the solar CNO cycle in Borexino

Borexino 太阳 CNO 循环对中微子的敏感性

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08534-2
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Agostini, M.;Altenmüller, K.;Appel, S.;Atroshchenko, V.;Bagdasarian, Z.;Basilico, D.;Bellini, G.;Benziger, J.;Biondi, R.;Bravo, D.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Constraints on flavor-diagonal non-standard neutrino interactions from Borexino Phase-II

Borexino Phase-II 对味对角非标准中微子相互作用的约束

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep02(2020)038
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Agarwalla, S. K.;Agostini, M.;Altenmüller, K.;Appel, S.;Atroshchenko, V.;Bagdasarian, Z.;Basilico, D.;Bellini, G.;Benziger, J.;Bick, D.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Final results of Borexino on CNO solar neutrinos

Borexino 对 CNO 太阳中微子的最终结果

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.108.102005
• 发表时间: 2023-11
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Basilico, D.;Bellini, G.;Benziger, J.;Biondi, R.;Caccianiga, B.;Calaprice, F.;Caminata, A.;Chepurnov, A.;D’Angelo, D.;Derbin, A.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Correlated and integrated directionality for sub-MeV solar neutrinos in Borexino

Borexino 亚 MeV 太阳中微子的相关和综合方向性

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.052002
• 发表时间: 2021-09-10
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: M. Agostini;K. Altenmüller;S. Appel;V. Atroshchenko;Z. Bagdasarian;D. Basilico;G. Bellini;J. Benziger;R. Biondi;D. Bravo;B. Caccianiga;F. Calaprice;A. Caminata;P. Cavalcante;A. Chepurnov;D. D’Angelo;S. Davini;A. Derbin;A. Di Giacinto;V. Di Marcello;X. Ding;A. Di Ludovico;L. Di noto;I. Drachnev;A. Formozov;D. Franco;C. Galbiati;C. Ghiano;M. Giammarchi;A. Goretti;A. Göttel;M. Gromov;D. Guffanti;A. Ianni;A. Ianni;A. Jany;D. Jeschke;V. Kobychev;G. Korga;S. Kumaran;M. Laubenstein;E. Litvinovich;P. Lombardi;I. Lomskaya;L. Ludhova;G. Lukyanchenko;L. Lukyanchenko;I. Machulin;J. Martyn;E. Meroni;M. Meyer;L. Miramonti;M. Misiaszek;V. Muratova;B. Neumair;M. Nieslony;R. Nugmanov;L. Oberauer;V. Orekhov;F. Ortica;M. Pallavicini;L. Papp;L. Pelicci;Ö. Penek;L. Pietrofaccia;N. Pilipenko;A. Pocar;G. Raikov;M. Ranalli;G. Ranucci;A. Razeto;A. Re;M. Redchuk;A. Romani;N. Rossi;S. Schönert;D. Semenov;G. Settanta;M. Skorokhvatov;A. Singhal;O. Smirnov;A. Sotnikov;Y. Suvorov;R. Tartaglia;G. Testera;J. Thurn;E. Unzhakov;A. Vishneva;R. Vogelaar;F. von Feilitzsch;A. Wessel;M. Wójcik;B. Wonsak;M. Wurm;S. Zavatarelli;K. Zuber;G. Zuzel
• 通讯作者: G. Zuzel