Tropical Gravity Waves and Latent Heating: Making the Invisible Visible

热带重力波和潜热：让看不见的东西变得可见

• 批准号: 1829373
• 负责人: M Joan Alexander
• 金额: $ 54.71万
• 依托单位: NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tropical; Gravity; Waves; Latent; Heating

The research will involve a synergistic use of gravity wave, precipitation, and cloud observations together with local-area models for new constraints on convective updraft-scale latent heating and wave drag on circulation. Gravity waves surrounding convective clouds are complex, three-dimensional, time-varying phenomena. Through application of two specially designed regional model tools together with available observations, the research can make the invisible features of both the latent heating and the waves visible. The project focuses on applying this new knowledge to the problem of subgrid-scale gravity wave drag for global climate prediction and weather forecasting. Gravity wave resolving models that have been observationally validated indicate that the scales and propagation of gravity waves emitted from convective clouds carry the signature of the four-dimensional properties of the localized, rapid variations in latent heating inside the clouds.The team will examine the following two hypotheses: (1) Observations of gravity waves and precipitation constrain the local, instantaneous properties of latent heating inside convective clouds; and (2) Knowledge of the latent heating can be used to construct the missing features of the wave field needed to accurately assess their remote effects on circulation.Tropical gravity wave drag is the leading force driving the quasibiennial oscillation (QBO) in lower stratospheric winds, which itself is a leading factor in Northern Hemisphere wintertime seasonal and interannual climate predictability and tropical intraseasonal and interannual precipitation predictability. The knowledge of gravity waves gained from this project will provide a clear picture of the gravity wave momentum flux variability and relation to convective clouds, which will permit more accurate predictions and future climate projections.The research will have substantial scientific and societal impacts. These include: (a) forecasting clear air turbulence felt by aircraft; (b) early warning of hurricane intensification over remote ocean areas; (c) improving tropical weather forecast skill; (d) nonmigrating tidal influences on middle atmosphere winds; and (e) forecasting ionospheric disturbances and communication channel disruptions. The project will provide training to an early career scientist. The project would also support a female PI, a member of an under-represented group in STEM research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究将协同使用重力波、降水和云观测以及局域模型，以对对流上升气流规模的潜热和环流波阻力进行新的约束。 对流云周围的重力波是复杂的、三维的、随时间变化的现象。 通过应用两个专门设计的区域模型工具以及现有的观测结果，该研究可以使潜热和波浪的不可见特征变得可见。该项目的重点是将这些新知识应用于全球气候预测和天气预报的亚网格尺度重力波阻力问题。 经过观测验证的重力波解析模型表明，对流云发出的重力波的尺度和传播带有云内潜热局部快速变化的四维特性的特征。该团队将检查以下内容两个假设：（1）重力波和降水的观测限制了对流云内部潜在加热的局部瞬时特性； （2）潜在加热的知识可用于构建波场的缺失特征，以准确评估其对环流的远程影响。热带重力波阻力是驱动低平流层风中准两年一次振荡（QBO）的主要力量，它本身是北半球冬季季节和年际气候可预测性以及热带季节内和年际降水可预测性的主导因素。 从该项目中获得的重力波知识将提供重力波动量通量变化及其与对流云关系的清晰图像，这将允许更准确的预测和未来的气候预测。该研究将产生重大的科学和社会影响。其中包括： (a) 预报飞机感受到的晴空湍流； (b) 对偏远海洋地区飓风加剧的预警； (c) 提高热带天气预报技能； (d) 非迁移潮汐对中层大气风的影响； (e) 预测电离层扰动和通信信道中断。该项目将为早期职业科学家提供培训。该项目还将支持一名女性 PI，她是 STEM 研究中代表性不足的群体的成员。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Using TRMM Latent Heat as a Source to Estimate Convection Induced Gravity Wave Momentum Flux in the Lower Stratosphere

使用 TRMM 潜热作为源估算平流层下部对流引起的重力波动量通量

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035785
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Liu, Chuntao;Alexander, Joan;Richter, Jadwiga;Bacmeister, Julio
• 通讯作者: Bacmeister, Julio

Observational Validation of Parameterized Gravity Waves From Tropical Convection in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model

全大气群落气候模型中热带对流参数化重力波的观测验证

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033954
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Alexander, M. J.;Liu, C. C.;Bacmeister, J.;Bramberger, M.;Hertzog, A.;Richter, J. H.
• 通讯作者: Richter, J. H.

Impacts, processes and projections of the quasi-biennial oscillation

• DOI: 10.1038/s43017-022-00323-7
• 发表时间: 2022-08-02
• 期刊: NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 42.1
• 作者: Anstey, James A.;Osprey, Scott M.;Richter, Jadwiga H.
• 通讯作者: Richter, Jadwiga H.

Global Distributions of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes Resolved by the 9-km ECMWF Experiments

9公里ECMWF实验解析的对流层和平流层重力波动量通量的全球分布

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-21-0173.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Wei, Junhong;Zhang, Fuqing;Richter, Jadwiga H.;Alexander, M. Joan;Sun, Y. Qiang
• 通讯作者: Sun, Y. Qiang

Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097010
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Xue Wu;L. Hoffmann;C. Wright;N. Hindley;S. Kalisch;M. J. Alexander;Yinan Wang