MRI: Development of the PHAse Space MeAsurements (PHASMA) Experiment

MRI：PHAse 空间测量 (PHASMA) 实验的发展

• 批准号: 1827325
• 负责人: EARL SCIME
• 金额: $ 34.3万
• 依托单位: West Virginia University Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1827325&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Development; PHAse; Space; MeAsurements

One of the challenges in understanding naturally occurring phenomena in outer space is how difficult it is to perform scientific measurements throughout the region of interest. Another challenge is that nature is rarely kind enough to produce the exact same event over and over again so that scientists can distinguish random fluctuations in their measurements from those that result from the phenomena of interest. The phenomena in space of particular interest are those that play important roles in the space environment around the Earth and which can impact human infrastructure in space, e.g., satellites, manned space vehicles, etc., and technological systems on Earth, e.g., power grids, global positioning systems (GPS), and long distance radio communication. This project involves the construction of a laboratory facility capable of producing plasma phenomena like those that occur in space. Plasmas are gasses so hot that the electrons are stripped away from their atoms. The resulting collection of charged particles responds to both electric and magnetic fields, just like plasmas in space. This particular facility will investigate how the ions and electrons in plasmas are heated and accelerated when magnetic fields annihilate, when the plasma is turbulent, or when the plasma moves faster than the speed of sound. The facility will engage a consortium of plasma physics researchers throughout West Virginia. The broader impacts of this work will also include the training of graduate and undergraduate students in a research environment that synergistically combines experimental and theoretical plasma physics and attracts high quality undergraduates into physics through involvement in cutting-edge research activities.While there is a strong synergy between laboratory experiments and other approaches to studying space physics, there are currently no space-relevant experiments in the world making direct measurements of three-dimensional ion and electron distribution functions in a plasma volume. The instrument to be developed under this award, called the PHAse Space MeAsurements (PHASMA) experiment, features laser induced fluorescence diagnostics for ion measurements, Thomson scattering diagnostics for electron velocity distribution function measurements, and a microwave scattering system for turbulence measurements. Spacecraft measurements have advanced to the point where velocity distribution function measurements are leading to paradigm-changing insights about a broad spectrum of space plasma phenomena. The ability to directly measure velocity distribution functions in the lab will complement and enhance the value of the direct measurements made in space. The PHASMA experiment will enable studies of particle acceleration and plasma heating in magnetic reconnection, collisionless shocks, and plasma turbulence. The experimental facility research team includes members with unique strengths in particle diagnostic measurements and expertise in kinetic modeling -- making the team ideally suited to investigate these topics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

理解外层空间自然发生的现象的挑战之一是在整个感兴趣的区域进行科学测量是多么困难。另一个挑战是，大自然很少会一次又一次地产生完全相同的事件，以便科学家能够区分测量中的随机波动和感兴趣现象引起的波动。特别令人感兴趣的太空现象是那些在地球周围的空间环境中发挥重要作用并可能影响人类在太空的基础设施（例如卫星、载人航天器等）和地球上的技术系统（例如电网）的现象、全球定位系统（GPS）和长距离无线电通信。该项目涉及建造一个能够产生类似于太空中发生的等离子体现象的实验室设施。等离子体是非常热的气体，以至于电子从原子中被剥离。由此产生的带电粒子集合对电场和磁场都有反应，就像太空中的等离子体一样。这个特殊的设施将研究当磁场湮灭、等离子体湍流或等离子体运动速度超过声速时，等离子体中的离子和电子如何被加热和加速。该设施将吸引整个西弗吉尼亚州的等离子体物理研究人员组成的联盟。这项工作更广泛的影响还将包括在协同结合实验和理论等离子体物理的研究环境中对研究生和本科生进行培训，并通过参与前沿研究活动吸引高素质本科生进入物理学领域。虽然存在很强的协同作用在实验室实验和研究空间物理的其他方法之间，目前世界上还没有与空间相关的实验可以直接测量等离子体体积中的三维离子和电子分布函数。该奖项将开发的仪器称为 PHAse 空间测量 (PHASMA) 实验，具有用于离子测量的激光诱导荧光诊断、用于电子速度分布函数测量的汤姆逊散射诊断以及用于湍流测量的微波散射系统。航天器测量已经发展到这样的程度：速度分布函数测量正在导致对广泛的空间等离子体现象产生范式改变的见解。在实验室中直接测量速度分布函数的能力将补充和增强在太空中进行的直接测量的价值。 PHASMA 实验将能够研究磁重联、无碰撞冲击和等离子体湍流中的粒子加速和等离子体加热。实验设施研究团队包括在粒子诊断测量和动力学建模方面具有独特优势的成员，这使得该团队非常适合研究这些主题。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力评估进行评估，被认为值得支持。优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Measurements of the 5D4∘−5P3 transition of singly ionized atomic iodine using intermodulated laser induced fluorescence

使用互调激光诱导荧光测量单电离原子碘的 5D4→5P3 跃迁

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107960
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Lazo, M.J.;Steinberger, T.E.;Good, T.N.;Scime, E.E.
• 通讯作者: Scime, E.E.

Alfvénic modes excited by the kink instability in PHASMA

由 PHASMA 中的扭结不稳定性激发的 Alfvénic 模式

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0041617
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Shi, Peiyun;Srivastav, Prabhakar;Beatty, Cuyler;John, Regis;Lazo, Matthew;McKee, John;McLaughlin, Jacob;Moran, Michael;Paul, Mitchell;Scime, Earl E.
• 通讯作者: Scime, Earl E.