Collaborative Research: Chamber or Conduit - Constraining Explosive Through Effusive Eruption at Cordon Caulle, Chile 2011/12

合作研究：室或管道 - 通过在智利 Cordon Caulle 的喷发来限制爆炸物 2011/12

• 批准号: 1824160
• 负责人: Matthew Pritchard
• 金额: $ 14.99万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1824160&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Chamber; Conduit; Constraining

Volcanic eruptions pose one of the principal hazards at tectonically active continental margins, such as the Pacific northwestern United States, which are of ever increasing economic and existential importance to expanding populations. The project will enhance knowledge of the conditions that lead to eruptions of silica-rich magmas, which can be large and impactful. Furthermore, it will boost understanding of the fundamental processes that determine the progression of volcanic eruptions, from inception to cessation, which remains difficult to forecast. Consequently, the project transcends the purely academic and is societally relevant by advancing natural hazard assessment capabilities. The project supports education by enabling the interdisciplinary training of graduate and undergraduate students as well as a postdoctoral scholar, thus contributing to the development of a diverse and globally competitive workforce.The project's objective is to advance fundamental knowledge of how volcanoes work by simulating a volcanic eruption from initial explosive activity through lava effusion, to termination of the eruption and post-eruptive inflation, using the 2011/12 Cordon Caulle eruption in Chile as a case study. For this eruption the run-up, the syn-eruptive evolution, and the post-eruptive reconfiguration of the volcanic system were documented in unprecedented detail. The project is multi-disciplinary and encompasses geochemistry, petrology and geodesy, in addition to numerical simulation of magma storage and eruption. The project is multi-institutional -- the portion of the project at Cornell University focuses on geodesy and numerical simulations in collaboration with the other institutions. New observational data will be acquired and integrated with existing observations in order to simulate the eruptive progression of the eruption. The eruption was initially explosive and over time eruption rates decreased with activity shifting from purely explosive to effusive, resulting in the formation of a large lava flow and shallow laccolith. The current view about these types of eruptions is that effusive or explosive activity are possible under otherwise identical conditions and with potentially rapid transitions from one to the other. A goal of the project is the assessment of conditions resulting in transitions in eruptive activity in order to test this explosive-effusive bistability hypothesis. Rapid post-eruptive inflation was observed and a further goal is to assess the extent to which the system has been driven back toward a critical state. These goals will be achieved by integrating the different observational data within extensive physics-based model simulations that will lead to improvements in model reliability and further our understanding of underlying processes at Cordon Caulle and similar hazardous volcanic systems elsewhere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山喷发构成了构造活跃的大陆边缘的主要危害之一，例如美国西北部，这对扩大人口的经济和生存重要性越来越大。该项目将增强对导致二氧化硅岩石爆发的条件的了解，这可能是庞大而有影响力的。此外，它将增强对决定火山喷发进展的基本过程，从建立到停止，这仍然很难预测。因此，该项目超越了纯粹的学术，并且通过提高自然危害评估能力而在社会上相关。该项目通过启用研究生和本科生以及博士后学者的跨学科培训来支持教育，从而有助于发展多样化且具有全球竞争性的劳动力的发展。该项目的目标是提高对火山的基本知识，从而通过模拟爆炸性的爆发来提高对火山的工作方式，从而促进型号的爆发，从而使型号的爆炸式爆发，从而使火山爆发，从而使火山的爆发型起来，从而使火山爆发过爆发，从而使火山的爆发效果繁殖，从而使火山爆发了效果，从而使火山爆发效果，从而使火山的腐败派发效果爆发，从而促进了火山的爆发。 2011/12智利的Cordon Caulle爆发是一个案例研究。在这种喷发中，直升机，综合进化和火山系统的爆发后重新配置记录了前所未有的细节。该项目是多学科的，除了对岩浆存储和喷发的数值模拟外，还涵盖了地球化学，岩石学和地理位置。该项目是多机构的 - 康奈尔大学项目的一部分专注于与其他机构合作进行地理和数值模拟。 将获取新的观察数据并将其与现有观测值集成在一起，以模拟喷发的喷发进展。喷发最初是爆炸性的，随着时间的流逝，随着活性从纯粹的爆炸性转移到爆炸性，爆发速率降低，从而形成了较大的熔岩流和浅层laccolith。有关这些类型喷发的当前观点是，在其他相同的条件下以及可能从一个到另一个的情况下可能快速过渡，可以进行激烈或爆炸活性。该项目的一个目标是评估导致喷发活动过渡的条件，以检验这种爆炸性的吸引性双重性假设。观察到快速的爆发后通货膨胀，另一个目标是评估该系统已返回临界状态的程度。这些目标将通过将不同的观察数据整合到基于物理的大型模型模拟中，这将导致模型可靠性的提高，并进一步了解Cordon Caulle和其他地方的类似危险火山系统的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的立法使命，并认为通过基金会的知识效果和广泛的评估值得评估，并值得通过评估来进行评估。

项目成果

Physicochemical models of effusive rhyolitic eruptions constrained with InSAR and DEM data: A case study of the 2011-2012 Cordón Caulle eruption

InSAR 和 DEM 数据约束的喷发流纹岩喷发的物理化学模型：2011-2012 年 Cordón Caulle 喷发的案例研究

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115736
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Delgado, Francisco;Kubanek, Julia;Anderson, Kyle;Lundgren, Paul;Pritchard, Matthew
• 通讯作者: Pritchard, Matthew