Collaborative Research: Causes and Consequences of Catastrophic Thermokarst Lake Drainage in an Evolving Arctic System

合作研究：不断变化的北极系统中灾难性热喀斯特湖排水的原因和后果

• 批准号: 1806213
• 负责人: Benjamin Jones
• 金额: $ 148.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806213&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Causes; Consequences; Catastrophic

Lakes are abundant features on coastal plains of the Arctic, providing important fish and wildlife habitat and water supply for villages and industry, but also interact with frozen ground (permafrost) and the carbon it stores. Most of these lakes are termed "thermokarst" because they form in ice-rich permafrost and gradually expand over time. The dynamic nature of thermokarst lakes also makes them prone to catastrophic drainage and abrupt conversion to wetlands, called drained thermokarst lake basins (DTLBs). Together, thermokarst lakes and DTLBs cover up to 80% of arctic lowland regions, making understanding their response to ongoing climate change essential for coastal plain environmental assessment. Catastrophic lake drainage and subsequent ecosystem succession in DTLBs has long intrigued scientists concerned with permafrost, vegetation, and carbon storage. Less attention however has been devoted toward predicting where and when lakes will drain and the magnitude and impacts of downstream flooding. A related process, snow-dam outburst floods from existing DTLBs, has also been overlooked so far in arctic hydrology. Floods generated from snow-dam outburst may help explain abnormally large flood peaks in many arctic rivers and will be increasingly important to consider for future petroleum development and the need to expand roads and pipeline through coastal plain terrain. This research on catastrophic lake drainage is relevant to improving our understanding of permafrost and hydrological processes; identifying flood and ground stability hazards; and predicting future vegetation, terrestrial and aquatic habitat, and carbon storage dynamics.A combination of remote sensing, field observations, and a lake-drainage experiment are targeted at understanding the causes and consequences of DTLB formation and their broader feedbacks with other arctic system components. Data collected in this study will feed into future model development to enhance predictive capacity of hydrologic hazards and landscape responses to climate change in the Arctic. Space-for-time comparison of DTLB chronosequences provides the conceptual framework for linking process scales. The new conceptual model emerging from this project is important for a number of stakeholders and native villages, where water access, habitat mitigation, and hazard avoidance are a priority. The understanding of hazards and environmental processes gained from this research will advance the interests of industry, land managers, and subsistence users on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

湖泊是北极沿海平原的丰富特征，​​为鱼类和野生动物提供重要的栖息地以及村庄和工业的供水，但也与冻土（永久冻土）及其储存的碳相互作用。这些湖泊大多数被称为“热喀斯特”，因为它们形成于富含冰的永久冻土中，并随着时间的推移逐渐扩大。热喀斯特湖的动态性质也使其容易发生灾难性排水并突然转变为湿地，称为排水热喀斯特湖盆地（DTLB）。热喀斯特湖泊和 DTLB 共同覆盖了 80% 的北极低地地区，因此了解它们对持续气候变化的反应对于沿海平原环境评估至关重要。 DTLB 中灾难性的湖泊排水和随后的生态系统演替长期以来一直引起关注永久冻土、植被和碳储存的科学家的兴趣。然而，人们很少关注预测湖泊排水的地点和时间以及下游洪水的规模和影响。迄今为止，北极水文学中还忽视了一个相关过程，即现有 DTLB 造成的雪坝溃决洪水。雪坝溃决产生的洪水可能有助于解释许多北极河流中异常大的洪峰，并且对于未来的石油开发以及通过沿海平原地形扩展道路和管道的需要而言，这将变得越来越重要。这项关于灾难性湖泊排水的研究有助于提高我们对永久冻土和水文过程的理解；识别洪水和地面稳定性危险；并预测未来的植被、陆地和水生栖息地以及碳储存动态。遥感、实地观测和湖泊排水实验相结合，旨在了解 DTLB 形成的原因和后果及其与其他北极系统组成部分的更广泛的反馈。本研究收集的数据将用于未来的模型开发，以增强北极水文灾害和景观对气候变化响应的预测能力。 DTLB 时间序列的时空比较为链接过程尺度提供了概念框架。该项目产生的新概念模型对于许多利益相关者和原住民村庄来说非常重要，其中供水、栖息地缓解和避免灾害是优先考虑的事项。从这项研究中获得的对危害和环境过程的理解将促进阿拉斯加北部北极沿海平原的工业、土地管理者和自给使用者的利益。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Drained lake basins on the younger outer coastal plain north of Teshekpuk Lake, North Slope, Alaska, 2010-2014

2010-2014 年阿拉斯加北坡 Teshekpuk 湖以北较年轻的外海岸平原上的排水湖盆

• DOI: 10.18739/a2kh0f07c
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: Bergstedt, Helena;Jones, Benjamin;Arp, Christopher
• 通讯作者: Arp, Christopher

Potential Future Lake Drainage for the Western Arctic Coastal Plain in northern Alaska from an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR)-Derived Digital Surface Model, 2002-2003

根据干涉合成孔径雷达 (IFSAR) 衍生的数字表面模型，2002-2003 年阿拉斯加北部北极西部沿海平原未来潜在的湖泊排水

• DOI: 10.18739/a2jh3d29n
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Arctic Data Center
• 作者: Jones, Benjamin;Arp, Christopher;Grosse, Guido;Nitze, Ingmar;Lara, Mark;Whitman, Matthew;Farquharson, Louise;Kanevskiy, Mikhail;Parsekian, Andrew;Breen, Amy;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Catchment connectivity in an Arctic coastal plain watershed, 2018

北极沿海平原流域的流域连通性，2018 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a2nv99977
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Arctic Data Center
• 作者: of, University Denver;null
• 通讯作者: null

Geochemistry of Coastal Permafrost and Erosion-Driven Organic Matter Fluxes to the Beaufort Sea Near Drew Point, Alaska

阿拉斯加德鲁角附近沿海永久冻土和侵蚀驱动的有机物通量的地球化学

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.598933
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bristol, Emily M.;Connolly, Craig T.;Lorenson, Thomas D.;Richmond, Bruce M.;Ilgen, Anastasia G.;Choens, R. Charles;Bull, Diana L.;Kanevskiy, Mikhail;Iwahana, Go;Jones, Benjamin M.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

14C (Carbon-14) ages of Holocene lake drainage events on the North Slope of Alaska, 2019-2020

2019-2020年阿拉斯加北坡全新世湖泊排水事件的14C（碳14）年龄

• DOI: 10.18739/a2vh5ck1n
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: Farquharson, Louise;Jones, Benjamin;Kanveskiy, Mikhail;Gaglioti, Benjamin;Bergstedt, Helena;Hinkel, Kenneth
• 通讯作者: Hinkel, Kenneth