RAPID: Storm-related sediment export during hurricanes Irma and Maria along the northwestern insular shelf of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands

快速：飓风“艾尔玛”和“玛丽亚”期间，美属维尔京群岛圣克罗伊岛西北岛架上与风暴相关的沉积物输出

• 批准号: 1821104
• 负责人: Dennis Hubbard
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Oberlin College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-15 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1821104&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Storm; related; sediment; export

Hurricane Irma and Maria, both category 5 storms, that struck the Caribbean in the summer of 2017 caused severe damage to many islands not only destroying a significant amount of civil infrastructure but also impacting many shallow submarine environments. This research project collects time-critical, ephemeral data consisting of observations of erosion, sediment redistribution, and coral reef structure damage at Cane Bay on St Croix in the US Virgin Islands. This location was picked because it was at or near the center of both Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria when they were at their maximum strength. It is also the location of another major hurricane strike (i.e., Hurricane Hugo) in 1989. Data like that collected for the present project were also collected for Hurricane Hugo, allowing comparisons to be made and comprehensive modeling of the impact major storms have on carbonate production, bioerosion, and sediment export in a modern reef system. Land and marine photographic images, as well as other data will be collected to provide high quality measurements of sediment removal by each storm. These data, as well as historical data from Hurricane Hugo, will be used to model storm related sediment transport in the area over the past century. Broader impacts of the work include partnership with researchers at the US Geological Survey, production of an educational video based on overcoming reef-building misconceptions, and improving knowledge of the impacts of major storms on coral reefs which will help inform and improve reef management.Carbonate production and carbonate cycling in modern reefs is due to a balance between the secretion of calcite by corals and coralline algae and the breakdown and removal of the physical structure of the reef by biological and physical means. While the biologically related components of this equation have been intensively studied, a missing part of the equation is sediment export, a parameter that is presently poorly understood and quantified. A key set of data documenting sediment export in a reef system was collected in Cane Bay at St. Croix in the US Virgin Islands just after Hurricane Hugo. Additional data was collected during fair weather conditions on the island for comparison. This new project collects similar data to that collected after Hurricane Hugo. It will allow a quantitative comparison between the various storms and an assessment of sediment export. Goals will be to characterize sediment removal from the northwestern insular shelf of St. Croix. Modeling, to be carried out by a collaborator from the US Geological Survey, will be focused on determining the relative roles of bottom shear versus storm surge during major storms in exporting sediment from coral reefs in tropical carbonate systems.

飓风艾尔玛（Irma）和玛丽亚（Maria）都是5级风暴，在2017年夏季袭击了加勒比海地区，对许多岛屿造成了严重破坏，不仅破坏了大量的民用基础设施，而且还影响了许多浅层潜艇环境。 该研究项目收集了关键的短暂数据，包括观察到侵蚀，沉积物重新分布和珊瑚礁结构的损害，该结构在美国维尔京群岛的St Croix上的甘蔗湾损坏。之所以选择此地点，是因为它处于飓风Irma和飓风玛丽亚的最大力量时。它也是1989年另一次重大飓风罢工（即飓风雨果）的位置。还收集了为本项目收集的数据，以进行雨果飓风，进行比较，并对主要风暴的全面建模对碳酸盐生产，生物膜和现代珊瑚礁系统中的碳酸盐产量和沉积物出口。 将收集土地和海洋摄影图像，以及其他数据，以提供每次风暴清除沉积物的高质量测量。 这些数据以及雨果飓风的历史数据将用于模拟过去一个世纪中与风暴相关的沉积物运输。 Broader impacts of the work include partnership with researchers at the US Geological Survey, production of an educational video based on overcoming reef-building misconceptions, and improving knowledge of the impacts of major storms on coral reefs which will help inform and improve reef management.Carbonate production and carbonate cycling in modern reefs is due to a balance between the secretion of calcite by corals and coralline algae and the breakdown and removal of通过生物和物理手段的礁石的物理结构。尽管对该方程的生物学相关组件进行了深入研究，但该方程的缺失部分是沉积物的导出，这是目前差的理解和量化的参数。 在雨果飓风之后，在美国维尔京群岛的圣克鲁瓦（St.在岛上的晴朗天气条件下收集了其他数据以进行比较。这个新项目收集的数据与雨果飓风后收集的数据相似。这将允许在各种风暴和沉积物出口评估之间进行定量比较。目标是将泥沙从圣克鲁瓦的西北岛架上拆除。建模，由美国地质调查局的合作者进行，将重点侧重于确定主要风暴中底部剪切和风暴潮的相对作用，从而在热带碳酸盐系统中从珊瑚礁出口沉积物中。