CHS: SHF: SMALL: Collaborative Research: Scaffolding skill acquisition to onboard OSS ecosystems

CHS：SHF：小型：协作研究：为机载 OSS 生态系统提供脚手架技能获取

• 批准号: 1815486
• 负责人: Anita Sarma
• 金额: $ 25万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1815486&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; SHF; SMALL; Collaborative; Research

This research aims to develop broadly applicable principles and methods to scaffold the newcomers' skill acquisition as they onboard into an Open Source Software (OSS) project, which in recent years has become an integral part of software development. Although the long-term sustainability of OSS projects depends on the availability of a diverse, passionate group of volunteers, it is quite difficult to become a successful OSS developer. During the onboarding period, newcomers face several barriers such as: steep learning curve, setup misconfiguration, reception problems, and expectation breakdowns. These barriers result in many newcomers giving up, meaning the field may be losing many potential software developers. This research will lead to new insights that can radically improve how newcomers onboard to software projects and to open source communities, which can broaden participation and increase retention. This project's empirical studies and infrastructure design pay particular attention to the fact that differences exist in how people problem-solve and use software features, and that these often cluster by gender. Therefore, broadening participation requires that tools and processes support different problem-solving styles, such that one group is not disproportionately impacted.For this project, skills are defined as the capability of performing an activity; skills can refer to knowledge about the contribution process, programming concepts, or about a class of data, an application programming interface, a library, or the domain. The project objectives are: (1) create a model of skills that pertains to how to be successful in OSS, (2) design and evaluate approaches to extract these skills from open tasks in OSS projects, (3) scaffold skill acquisition of newcomers by matching developers' skills (and their goals) to available tasks in an OSS ecosystem, (4) investigate strategies and design solutions that promote gender inclusiveness, and (5) assess the approach through the design and evaluation of an infrastructure built in this research and made available to the OSS community. The intellectual merit of the work is threefold. First, it will generate a deep understanding of skill models for software development tasks that is anchored and carefully validated in the context of tasks in an OSS ecosystem. Second, the researchers will design approaches that scaffold skill acquisition of developers to create a development trajectory that matches their current skill levels as well as their goals. Finally, a novel infrastructure will be designed and shared, that scaffolds the skill acquisition of newcomers, thereby, mitigating the effects of onboarding barriers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究旨在开发广泛适用的原则和方法，以踩新移民的技能获取，因为它们进入开源软件（OSS）项目，近年来已成为软件开发的组成部分。 尽管OSS项目的长期可持续性取决于多样化，热情的志愿者群体的可用性，但很难成为成功的OSS开发人员。在入职时期，新移民面临着几个障碍，例如：陡峭的学习曲线，设置错误配置，接待问题和期望分解。这些障碍导致许多新移民放弃，这意味着该领域可能会失去许多潜在的软件开发人员。 这项研究将导致新的见解，从而从根本上改善了新移民的软件项目和开源社区的方式，从而扩大参与并增加保留率。该项目的实证研究和基础设施设计特别关注以下事实：人们解决问题和使用软件特征的方式存在差异，并且这些特征通常按性别聚集。因此，扩大参与要求工具和流程支持不同的解决问题的样式，以使一个组不会受到不成比例的影响。对于此项目，技能被定义为执行活动的能力。技能可以参考有关贡献过程，编程概念或一类数据，应用程序编程界面，库或域的知识。项目目标是：（1）创建与如何在OSS中取得成功有关的技能模型，（2）设计和评估方法，从OSS项目中的开放任务中提取这些技能，（3）通过与开发人员的技能（及其目标）相匹配，以评估OSS生态系统中的策略和设计方法（4）（4），（4）通过（4）来评估新手的技能，（4）评估本研究中建造的基础设施，并提供给OSS社区。 这项工作的智力优点是三倍。首先，它将对软件开发任务的技能模型产生深刻的了解，这些技能模型是在OSS生态系统中的任务中固定和仔细验证的。其次，研究人员将设计开发人员脚手架技能的方法，以创建与当前技能水平及其目标相匹配的开发轨迹。最后，将设计和共享一个新颖的基础设施，脚手架将新移民的技能掌握脚趾偿还，从而减轻了入职障碍的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

AID: An automated detector for gender-inclusivity bugs in OSS project pages

AID：OSS 项目页面中性别包容性错误的自动检测器

• DOI: 10.1109/icse43902.2021.00128
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE
• 作者: Chatterjee, Amreeta;Guizani, Mariam;Stevens, Catherine;Emard, Jillian;May, Mary Evelyn;Burnett, Margaret;Ahmed, Iftekhar;Sarma, Anita
• 通讯作者: Sarma, Anita

How to Choose a Task? Mismatches in Perspectives of Newcomers and Existing Contributors

• DOI: 10.1145/3544902.3546236
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 16th ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
• 作者: F. Santos;Bianca Trinkenreich;J. F. Pimentel;I. Wiese;Igor Steinmacher;A. Sarma;M. Gerosa

How Gender-biased Tools Shape Newcomer Experiences in OSS Projects

性别偏见工具如何塑造 OSS 项目中的新人体验

• DOI: 10.1109/tse.2020.2984173
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Padala, Susmita Hema;Mendez, Christopher John;Dias, Luiz Felipe;Steinmacher, Igor;Steine Hanson, Zoe;Hilderbrand, Claudia;Horvath, Amber;Hill, Charles;Simpson, Logan Dale;Burnett, Margaret
• 通讯作者: Burnett, Margaret

Supporting Code Comprehension via Annotations: Right Information at the Right Time and Place

通过注释支持代码理解：在正确的时间和地点提供正确的信息

• DOI: 10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127264
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 2020 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC
• 作者: Adeli, Marjan;Nelson, Nicholas;Chattopadhyay, Souti;Coffey, Hayden;Henley, Austin;Sarma, Anita
• 通讯作者: Sarma, Anita

Recommending Tasks to Newcomers in OSS Projects: How Do Mentors Handle It?

给OSS项目新人推荐任务：导师如何处理？

• DOI: 10.1145/3412569.3412571
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (OpenSym 2020
• 作者: Balali, Sogol;Annamalai, Umayal;Padala, Hema Susmita;Trinkenreich, Bianca;Gerosa, Marco A.;Steinmacher, Igor;Sarma, Anita
• 通讯作者: Sarma, Anita