Enabling a Flexible, Non-disruptive Demand Control to Improve Grid Security & Performance

实现灵活、无中断的需求控制以提高电网安全

• 批准号: 1810079
• 负责人: Venkataramana Ajjarapu
• 金额: $ 35.95万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1810079&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enabling; Flexible; Non; disruptive; Demand

As the penetration of smart controllable loads in the distribution system has been increasing, there has been a rising interest by utilities and ISOs to use these devices to improve the overall grid performance. Thermostatic controllable loads (TCLs) (heating, ventilation and air-conditioners (HVAC)) are rarely used for directly handling stability and security related issues. In this project, we systematically utilize the thermal storage of the HVAC systems to improve the security of the grid over various time scales (5 sec - 2 hrs). While we will concentrate on enhancing system stability, the proposed DR aggregation and control methodology can be utilized for other services (emergency reserves, spinning reserves, load shaping, etc.) in a manner that ensures the customer comfort is not disrupted. The research results will be disseminated at relevant conferences. Also, we plan to develop curriculum modules and short courses based on the research.The uniqueness of the Demand Response(DR) aggregator with set-point control is that it reduces the control cost of DR imposed by frequent switching and reduces the likelihood of involuntary service interruption, enabling a more flexible, aggressive, and smooth demand control for a broad range of applications. A time-varying Extended Markov Model (EMM) is used in an online manner to control temperature set points of TCLs by taking into account the customer discomfort. The EMM is complimented by a time varying model predictive control (MPC) scheme to ensure effective control of TCLs to follow the reference power. The proposed scheme effectively broadens the set of available tools and resources to save the system at the onset of a severe event. The proposed approach monitors real-time voltage stability margin (VSM) and predicts VSM in a nonstationary operating environment and ensures that the customer dissatisfaction is limited while ensuring voltage stability via demand side control. The novel detection of the location and proportion of HVAC stalling devices using phasor measurement units (PMUs) & micro-PMUs within 2-5 seconds ensures that relevant devices are selected for DR control, leading to an improvement in the short-term stability of the system. Also, to ensure that the reconnection does not induce synchronization of TCLs, an MPC formulation using EMMs is solved to determine the effective reconnection scheme.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着智能控制负载在分配系统中的渗透率一直在增加，公用事业和ISO的兴趣不断提高，可以使用这些设备来改善整体电网性能。恒温可控载荷（TCLS）（加热，通风和空调器（HVAC））很少用于直接处理稳定性和安全性相关的问题。在这个项目中，我们系统地利用HVAC系统的热存储来提高在各种时间尺度（5秒-2小时）中网格的安全性。 尽管我们将专注于增强系统稳定性，但拟议的DR聚合和控制方法可以用于其他服务（紧急储备，旋转储备，负载构成等），以确保客户舒适性不会受到破坏。研究结果将在相关会议上传播。 此外，我们计划根据研究开发课程模块和简短课程。需求响应（DR）汇总器具有设定点控制的独特性是，它可以降低通过频繁切换而实现的DR的控制成本，并降低非自愿服务中断的可能性，从而使更灵活，积极的需求范围更加灵活，对范围的应用程序进行了更大的范围。随着时间变化的扩展Markov模型（EMM）以在线方式使用来控制TCL的温度设定点，并考虑到客户的不适感。 EMM通过时间变化的模型预测控制（MPC）方案表示赞赏，以确保对TCL的有效控制以遵循参考功率。拟议的计划有效地扩大了可用工具和资源的集合，以在严重事件开始时节省系统。拟议的方法监视实时电压稳定性保证金（VSM），并在非机构操作环境中预测VSM，并确保客户不满的限制，同时通过需求侧控制确保电压稳定性。使用相量测量单元（PMU）和微型PMU在2-5秒内对HVAC失速设备的位置和比例进行新颖的发现，可确保选择相关的设备进行DR控制，从而改善了系统的短期稳定性。此外，为了确保重新连接不诱导TCLS的同步，使用EMMS的MPC公式可以确定以确定有效的重新连接方案。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估来获得支持的。