LTREB: Collaborative Research: Cyclic vs. anthropogenic causes of long-term variation in the regeneration of tropical forests with contrasting latitude and diversity

LTREB：合作研究：具有对比纬度和多样性的热带森林再生长期变化的循环与人为原因

• 批准号: 1754435
• 负责人: Jess Zimmerman
• 金额: $ 15.11万
• 依托单位: University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754435&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Collaborative; Research; Cyclic; vs.

Tropical forests are globally important because of their high biodiversity and large contributions to carbon storage. This project studies the timing and success of reproduction in tropical forest plants. Tropical species may use cues of seasonal shifts (for example, in rainfall or light availability) to time the start of reproduction, perhaps to ensure their seeds are dispersed during conditions that will be favorable for the growth and survival of young seedlings. Rainfall, light availability, temperature, and other environmental conditions influence each stage of reproduction- flowering, fruit maturation, seed dispersal, and seedling growth. Beneficial conditions for reproduction can vary within a year, due to seasonality, and among years, due to climate cycles like El Nino. This project focuses on long term data in order to capture periods when conditions are better or worse for various types of plants. The research takes place at multiple tropical forest study sites to separate the effects of local weather variability from large regional climate patterns. By measuring the cues tropical plants use to start reproduction and examining which environmental conditions affect seedling growth and survival, the long-term data from this project will strengthen our ability to predict the future of tropical forests and the benefits these forests confer to society. Training of multiple undergraduate students will occur at the sites, by each of the collaborating universities.These long-term studies will enable tests of hypotheses concerning: (1) what are the environmental cues that induce flowering; (2) how is reproduction in tropical forests affected by disturbances such as wind storms, droughts, and by natural climate cycles such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which vary at subdecadal to multidecadal time scales; (3) how do species with different traits (e.g., small vs. large seeds, soft vs. dense wood) respond to environmental variation; and (4) how does episodic reproduction ramify through to the structure of adult populations. This research approach will effectively close the demographic gap between studies of early reproduction and the dynamics of sapling and adult tree populations. At each of the field sites, species-specific flower, fruit and seed rain is recorded multiple times each year using seed traps. Additionally, all woody seedlings are recorded in an annual census of hundreds of 1-m2 plots adjacent to seed traps, at each site. The trap and plot censuses take place within large mapped forest dynamics plots where all trees 1 cm in diameter are identified and regularly measured.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带森林因其高度的生物多样性和对碳储存的巨大贡献而在全球范围内发挥着重要作用。该项目研究热带森林植物繁殖的时间和成功率。热带物种可能会利用季节变化的线索（例如降雨或光照）来确定繁殖开始的时间，也许是为了确保它们的种子在有利于幼苗生长和存活的条件下传播。降雨、光照、温度和其他环境条件影响繁殖的每个阶段——开花、果实成熟、种子传播和幼苗生长。由于季节性，繁殖的有利条件在一年内可能会有所不同，而由于厄尔尼诺等气候周期，繁殖的有利条件可能会在年份之间发生变化。该项目侧重于长期数据，以便捕获各种类型植物条件较好或较差的时期。该研究在多个热带森林研究地点进行，旨在将当地天气变化的影响与大区域气候模式分开。通过测量热带植物用于开始繁殖的线索并检查哪些环境条件影响幼苗的生长和存活，该项目的长期数据将增强我们预测热带森林的未来以及这些森林给社会带来的好处的能力。每所合作大学都将在这些地点对多名本科生进行培训。这些长期研究将能够检验以下假设：（1）诱发开花的环境因素是什么？ (2)热带森林的繁殖如何受到风暴、干旱等干扰以及厄尔尼诺南方涛动、北大西洋涛动和大西洋数十年涛动等自然气候周期的影响，这些周期在亚十年到数十年的时间里变化秤; （3）具有不同性状的物种（例如小种子与大种子、软木材与密木材）如何响应环境变化； (4)情景再现如何影响成年人口的结构。这种研究方法将有效缩小早期繁殖研究与树苗和成年树种群动态研究之间的人口差距。在每个田间地点，每年都会使用种子捕捉器多次记录特定物种的花卉、水果和种子雨。此外，每年对每个地点种子收集器附近的数百个 1 平方米地块进行普查，对所有木本幼苗进行记录。陷阱和样地普查在大型森林动态地块内进行，所有直径为 1 厘米的树木均被识别并定期测量。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持标准。

项目成果

Proposing the solar‐wind energy flux hypothesis as a driver of inter‐annual variation in tropical tree reproductive effort

提出太阳风能通量假说作为热带树木繁殖努力年际变化的驱动因素

• DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1380
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: American Journal of Botany
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Hogan, J. Aaron;Nytch, Christopher J.;Bithorn, John E.;Zimmerman, Jess K.
• 通讯作者: Zimmerman, Jess K.

Large‐ and small‐seeded species have contrasting functional neighborhoods in a subtropical forest

大种子和小种子物种在亚热带森林中具有截然不同的功能邻域

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3016
• 发表时间: 2020-01-01
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: M. Umaña;G. Arellano;Jimena Forero‐Montaña;C. Nytch;N. Swenson;Jill Thompson;M. Uriarte;J. Zimmerman
• 通讯作者: J. Zimmerman

Standardized Assessment of Biodiversity Trends in Tropical Forest Protected Areas: The End Is Not in Sight

热带森林保护区生物多样性趋势标准化评估：末日尚未到来

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002357
• 发表时间: 2016-01
• 期刊: PLoS Biology
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Beaudrot L;Ahumada JA;O'Brien T;Alvarez-Loayza P;Boekee K;Campos-Arceiz A;Eichberg D;Espinosa S;Fegraus E;Fletcher C;Gajapersad K;Hallam C;Hurtado J;Jansen PA;Kumar A;Larney E;Lima MG;Mahony C;Martin EH;McWilliam A;Mugerwa B;Ndoundou-Hockemba M;Razafimahaimodison JC;Romero-Saltos H;Rovero F;Salvador J;Santos F;Sheil D;Spironello WR;Willig MR;Winarni NL;Zvoleff A;Andelman SJ
• 通讯作者: Andelman SJ

Altered climate leads to positive density‐dependent feedbacks in a tropical wet forest

气候变化导致热带湿森林中密度依赖的正反馈

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15087
• 发表时间: 2020-03-20
• 期刊: Global Change Biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: B. Bachelot;A. M. Alonso;Laura Aldrich‐Wolfe;M. Cavaleri;S. Reed;T. Wood
• 通讯作者: T. Wood

Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13309
• 发表时间: 2021-05-24
• 期刊: Global Ecology and Biogeography
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: B. Pinho;M. Tabarelli;C. Braak;S. Wright;V. Arroyo‐Rodríguez;Maíra Benchimol;Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
• 通讯作者: Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht