New Experimental Techniques for Neutrino Physics

中微子物理新实验技术

• 批准号: 1806251
• 负责人: Joseph Formaggio
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806251&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Experimental; Techniques; Neutrino; Physics

Neutrinos are amongst the most abundant particles in the Universe, they are keys to many astrophysical processes, and they may hold the key to explaining the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. They are known to occur in nature in three types, or "flavors." It has also been observed that neutrinos could switch flavors through a process known as neutrino oscillation. From such oscillation experiments, it is found that neutrinos must have a non-zero mass. This is the first known indication that there is physics beyond the very successful Standard Model of Particle Physics. Neutrino mass remains one of the most important open questions in physics and experiments are searching for ways to determine it since with their abundance they could play an important role in the evolution of our Universe. Direct laboratory determinations based on the precise measurement of the beta spectrum have been expanding over the past 80 years due to increasingly powerful electron spectrometry techniques. In 2009, the PI proposed a new technique by which the energy spectrum of low energy electrons can be extracted. The technique, known as Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES), relies on the detection and measurement of coherent radiation created from the cyclotron motion of electrons in a magnetic field. Knowledge of neutrino masses has broad implications for the scientific community, particularly in the fields of nuclear physics, particle physics, and cosmology. The CRES technique, being a general spectroscopic technique for low energy electrons, has broad applicability. The use of metallic superconducting bolometers for recoil detection also has broad reach, with potential applications in nuclear reactor monitoring and direct dark matter detection. Research engagement with undergraduate students is facilitated by MIT's Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP), which connects students and faculty and allows students to engage in basic research throughout the academic year.In 2009, the PI proposed a new technique by which the energy spectrum of low energy electrons can be extracted. The CRES technique relies on the detection and measurement of coherent radiation created from the cyclotron motion of electrons in a magnetic field. Such a frequency-based technique has the capability of overcoming many of the limitations imposed by traditional spectroscopic techniques used in direct neutrino mass experiments using tritium. The Project 8 experiment, of which the PI is the spokesperson, has now successfully demonstrated how the CRES technique is effective in precisely measuring the kinetic energy of electrons emitted from a radioactive gas. With the proof of principle firmly established, this award provides continued support of the next stage of Project 8's R&D program, moving toward a neutrino mass measurement from tritium beta decay. In particular, the next phase is to make a first measurement of a tritium beta spectrum in order to determine the scalability of the technique. Research will also continue to determine the technique's ultimate capability: to probe the inverted neutrino mass scale.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

中微子是宇宙中最丰富的颗粒之一，它们是许多天体物理过程的钥匙，它们可能是解释宇宙的物质抗逆不是对称性的关键。众所周知，它们以三种类型或“风味”出现在自然界中。还观察到，中微子可以通过称为中微子振荡的过程切换口味。从这种振荡实验中，可以发现中微子必须具有非零质量。这是第一个已知的迹象，表明物理学超出了粒子物理的非常成功的标准模型。中微子质量仍然是物理学中最重要的开放问题之一，实验正在寻找确定它的方法，因为它们的丰富性可以在我们宇宙的发展中发挥重要作用。由于越来越强大的电子光谱技术，在过去80年中，基于Beta光谱的精确测量的直接实验室确定一直在扩展。 2009年，PI提出了一种新技术，可以通过该技术提取低能电子的能量光谱。该技术称为回旋辐射发射光谱（CRES），依赖于通过电子在磁场中电子的回旋体运动产生的相干辐射的检测和测量。对中微子群众的了解对科学界有广泛的影响，尤其是在核物理，粒子物理学和宇宙学领域。 CRES技术是低能电子的一般光谱技术，具有广泛的适用性。将金属超导辐射仪用于后坐力检测也有广泛的影响力，并且潜在的应用在核反应堆监测和直接暗物质检测中。麻省理工学院的本科研究机会计划（UROP）促进了与本科生的研究参与，该计划将学生和教职员工联系起来，并允许学生在整个学年中从事基础研究。 CRES技术依赖于通过电子在磁场中电子的回旋体运动产生的相干辐射的检测和测量。 这种基于频率的技术具有克服使用Tritium直接中微子质量实验中使用的传统光谱技术施加的许多局限性。项目8实验（PI）是发言人，现在已经成功证明了CRES技术如何有效地测量从放射性气体发出的电子的动能。 通过牢固确立原则的证明，该奖项为项目8的研发计划的下一个阶段提供了持续的支持，从而朝着Tritium beta decay的中微子质量测量迈进。 特别是，下一阶段是对tritium beta频谱进行首次测量，以确定技术的可扩展性。 研究还将继续确定该技术的最终能力：探讨倒立的中微子质量规模。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy signal classification with machine learning in project 8

项目 8 中使用机器学习的回旋辐射发射光谱信号分类

• DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab71bd
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: New Journal of Physics
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Esfahani, A Ashtari;Böser, S;Buzinsky, N;Cervantes, R;Claessens, C;Viveiros, L de;Fertl, M;Formaggio, J A;Gladstone, L;Guigue, M
• 通讯作者: Guigue, M

A Ioffe Trap Magnet for the Project 8 Atom Trapping Demonstrator

用于 Project 8 原子捕获演示器的 Ioffe 陷阱磁铁

• DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2020.2985675
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Radovinsky, Alexey L.;Lindman, Alec;Formaggio, Joseph A.;Minervini, Joseph V.
• 通讯作者: Minervini, Joseph V.

Bayesian analysis of a future β decay experiment's sensitivity to neutrino mass scale and ordering

未来β衰变实验对中微子质量尺度和排序敏感性的贝叶斯分析

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.103.065501
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Ashtari Esfahani, A.;Betancourt, M.;Bogorad, Z.;Böser, S.;Buzinsky, N.;Cervantes, R.;Claessens, C.;de Viveiros, L.;Fertl, M.;Formaggio, J. A.
• 通讯作者: Formaggio, J. A.

Electron radiated power in cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy experiments

回旋辐射发射光谱实验中的电子辐射功率

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.99.055501
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Esfahani, A. Ashtari;Bansal, V.;Böser, S.;Buzinsky, N.;Cervantes, R.;Claessens, C.;de Viveiros, L.;Doe, P. J.;Fertl, M.;Formaggio, J. A.
• 通讯作者: Formaggio, J. A.