Collaborative Research: P2C2--Bridging the Gap from Northern Iberia to Northwest Africa to Reconstruct Atmospheric Dynamics and Hydroclimate for the Last 2,500 Years

合作研究：P2C2——弥合从伊比利亚北部到非洲西北部的差距，重建过去 2,500 年的大气动力学和水文气候

• 批准号: 1804132
• 负责人: Caroline Ummenhofer
• 金额: $ 11.76万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1804132&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; P2C2; Bridging; Gap

The Mediterranean region is identified as a climate change hot spot. Recent observations, including increased fire activity in 2017, suggest that aridity in the Iberian Peninsula is already increasing. This multi-institutional team of researchers seeks to provide a spatial and temporal context for on-going and future climatic changes in this region by constructing a 2,500-year-long history of hydroclimate variability from precipitation-sensitive stalagmites formed in caves in central and southern Portugal. Rainfall in Iberia is strongly correlated to the strength of the Azores sub-tropical high-pressure system, and these cave sites lie at its climatological epicenter. Specifically, this project aims to bridge the hydroclimate knowledge gap for the last 2,500 years using sub-decadally resolved, multi-proxy stalagmite records (carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios, trace element abundances, growth laminae, and high precision Uranium/Thorium dating) from cave sites in central and southern Portugal. Based on measuring, counting and comparing the uppermost Uranium/Thorium age from one stalagmite, these laminae appear to be annual in nature. Resulting data will be combined and evaluated with similarly-resolved hydroclimate-sensitive records from northern Iberia (Spain) and northwest Africa (Morocco), creating a latitudinal transect that will allow spatial and temporal constraints to be placed on the Azores HighThis research could also provide a significant spatial bridge between the only existing high-resolution paleo-hydroclimatic reconstructions (northern Morocco and northern Spain) from this zone. Together, these time series will allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of dynamical changes in the regional climate system through time, particularly in the spatial extent and intensity of the Azores High.The state of the atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic region during recent millennia, and particularly medieval times, remains the subject of considerable debate in both proxy- and model-based studies. Of particular interest is the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), an atmospheric dipole between the Iceland low and the Azores high, which is strongly linked to regional inter-annual precipitation variability in Western Europe and northwest Africa through the routing of storms tracks. Dynamics of the NAO and the Azores High are poorly understood prior to the late 19th century, and as a result, the drivers of NAO/Azores High dynamics have not been adequately explored. An ideal place to address these deficiencies is central and southern Portugal, where few, if any, high-resolution records exist.The potential Broader Impacts (B.I.) includes the potential to transform the understanding of the nature and drivers of past Iberian hydroclimate variability, and through comparison with model simulations, how it may respond to future anthropogenic forcing. As such, the development and synthesis of these high resolution and precisely dated records will be of value to the broad climate/paleoclimate communities. All data produced as part of this project will be made publicly available and archived on community websites. The project unites a diverse, internationally recognized team of researchers from major research institutions (Iowa State University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of New Mexico) and liberal arts colleges (Cornell College, Union College) to apply multi-disciplinary approaches to addressing long-term hydroclimate dynamics. This work will involve the training of a PhD student already in residence at Iowa State and at least eight undergraduate researchers in state-of-the-art climate reconstruction and modeling techniques. A component of data collection in Portugal will involve citizen-based science at a local tourist cave and with regional caving groups.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地中海地区被确定为气候变化热点。最近的观察结果，包括2017年的火灾活动，表明伊比利亚半岛的干旱已经在增加。这个多机构的研究人员团队试图通过在中部和南部的洞穴中构建长2500年的氢化气候变异性历史来为该地区的持续和未来气候变化提供空间和时间环境。葡萄牙。伊比利亚的降雨与亚速尔群岛亚热带高压系统的强度密切相关，这些洞穴位置位于其气候中心。 具体而言，该项目的目的是使用子二次分辨的多型固定岩石记录（碳和氧气稳定的同位素比率，痕量元素丰度，生长层，生长层和高精度的铀/thorium/thorium dating），旨在弥合过去2,500年的氢气气候知识差距。来自葡萄牙中部和南部的洞穴地点。 基于测量，计数和比较一个天生的铀/ther年龄，这些薄片似乎是年度的。所得数据将与来自伊比利亚北部（西班牙）和西北非洲（摩洛哥）（摩洛哥）（摩洛哥）的类似分辨的氢气候敏感记录相结合和评估，从而创建了纬度样带，该纬度样品将允许在Azores上放置空间和时间限制。该地区唯一现有的高分辨率古气候重建（北摩洛哥和西班牙北部）之间的一个重要空间桥。这些时间序列在一起，可以随着时间的流逝，更全面地评估区域气候系统的动态变化，尤其是在亚速尔群岛高的空间范围和强度上。北大西洋地区最近几千年中大气循环的状态，尤其是中世纪的时代，在基于代理和模型的研究中，仍然是辩论的主题。 特别令人感兴趣的是北大西洋振荡（NAO），这是冰岛低点和亚速尔群岛高中的大气偶极子，这与西欧和西北非洲通过风暴轨道的路线密切相关。 NAO和Azores高的动力学在19世纪后期之前对知识很少，因此，NAO/Azores高动力学的驱动因素尚未得到充分探索。 解决这些缺陷的理想场所是葡萄牙中部和南部，那里很少有高分辨率记录。通过与模型模拟的比较，它如何响应未来的人为强迫。因此，这些高分辨率和精确日期的记录的发展和综合将对广泛的气候/古气候社区具有价值。 作为该项目的一部分生产的所有数据都将在社区网站上公开可用并存档。该项目将来自主要研究机构（爱荷华州立大学，伍兹霍尔海洋学机构，新墨西哥大学）和文科学院（康奈尔大学，联合学院）的多样化，国际认可的研究人员团队团结起来，采用多学科方法来解决长期的方法 - 期氢气候动力学。这项工作将涉及对爱荷华州居住的一名博士生的培训，以及至少有八位在最先进的气候重建和建模技术中的本科研究人员。 葡萄牙数据收集的一个组成部分将在当地的旅游洞穴和区域洞穴小组中涉及基于公民的科学。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估的评估来支持的。

项目成果

Linking the karst record to atmospheric, precipitation, and vegetation dynamics in Portugal

• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119949
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: Chemical Geology
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Diana L. Thatcher;A. Wanamaker;R. Denniston;C. Ummenhofer;F. Regala;Nuno Jorge;Jonathan A. Haws;Alaina G. Chormann;D. Gillikin

Hydroclimate variability from western Iberia (Portugal) during the Holocene: Insights from a composite stalagmite isotope record

• DOI: 10.1177/0959683620908648
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: The Holocene
• 作者: Diana L. Thatcher;A. Wanamaker;R. Denniston;Y. Asmerom;V. Polyak;Daniel Fullick;C. Ummenhofer;D. Gillikin;Jonathan A. Haws

Twentieth-century Azores High expansion unprecedented in the past 1,200 years

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-022-00971-w
• 发表时间: 2022-07-04
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel;Ummenhofer, Caroline C.;Polyak, Victor J.
• 通讯作者: Polyak, Victor J.

A stalagmite test of North Atlantic SST and Iberian hydroclimate linkages over the last two glacial cycles

• DOI: 10.5194/cp-14-1893-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-12-11
• 期刊: CLIMATE OF THE PAST
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Denniston, Rhawn F.;Houts, Amanda N.;Bicho, Nuno F.
• 通讯作者: Bicho, Nuno F.