Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity

合作研究：海冰作为南极底栖大型藻类群落组成和近岸营养连通性的驱动因素

• 批准号: 1744550
• 负责人: Charles Amsler
• 金额: $ 38.51万
• 依托单位: University of Alabama at Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1744550&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sea; ice; driver

The western Antarctic Peninsula has become a model for understanding cold water communities and how they may be changing in Antarctica and elsewhere. Brown macroalgae (seaweeds) form extensive undersea forests in the northern portion of this region where they play a key role in providing both physical structure and a food (carbon) source for shallow water communities. Yet between Anvers Island (64 degrees S latitude) and Adelaide Island (67 S latitude) these macroalgae become markedly less abundant and diverse. This is probably because the habitat to the south is covered by more sea ice for a longer period, and the sea ice reduces the amount of light that reaches the algae. The reduced macroalgal cover undoubtedly impacts other organisms in the food web, but the ways in which it alters sea-floor community processes and organization is unknown. This project will quantitatively document the macroalgal communities at multiple sites between Anvers and Adelaide Islands using a combination of SCUBA diving, video surveys, and algal collections. Sea ice cover, light levels, and other environmental parameters on community structure will be modelled to determine which factors have the largest influence. Impacts on community structure, food webs, and carbon flow will be assessed through a mixture of SCUBA diving and video surveys. Broader impacts include the training of graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher, as well as numerous informal public education activities including lectures, presentations to K-12 groups, and a variety of social media-based outreach.Macroalgal communities are more abundance and diverse to the north along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, perhaps due to the greater light availability that is associated with shorter period of sea-ice cover. This project will determine the causes and community level consequence of this variation in algal community structure. First, satellite data on sea ice extent and water turbidity will be used to select study sites between 64 S and 69 S where the extent of annual sea ice cover is the primary factor influencing subsurface light levels. Then, variations in macroalgal cover across these study sites will be determined by video line-transect surveys conducted by SCUBA divers. The health, growth, and physiological status of species found at the different sites will be determined by quadrat sampling. The relative importance of macroalgal-derived carbon to the common invertebrate consumers in the foodweb will be assessed with stable isotope and fatty acid biomarker techniques. This will reveal how variation in macroalgal abundance and species composition across the sea ice cover gradient impacts sea floor community composition and carbon flow throughout the food web. In combination, this work will facilitate predictions of how the ongoing reductions in extent and duration of sea ice cover that is occurring in the region as a result of global climate change will impact the structure of nearshore benthic communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南极半岛西部已成为了解冷水群落及其在南极洲和其他地方如何变化的典范。褐藻（海藻）在该地区北部形成了广阔的海底森林，在为浅水群落提供物理结构和食物（碳）源方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在安特卫普岛（南纬 64 度）和阿德莱德岛（南纬 67 度）之间，这些大型藻类的数量和多样性明显减少。这可能是因为南部的栖息地在较长时间内被更多的海冰覆盖，而海冰减少了到达藻类的光线量。大型藻类覆盖范围的减少无疑会影响食物网中的其他生物，但它改变海底群落过程和组织的方式尚不清楚。该项目将结合水肺潜水、视频调查和藻类采集，定量记录安特卫普岛和阿德莱德群岛之间多个地点的大型藻类群落。海冰覆盖、光照水平和其他对群落结构的环境参数将被建模，以确定哪些因素影响最大。对社区结构、食物网和碳流的影响将通过水肺潜水和视频调查相结合的方式进行评估。更广泛的影响包括研究生和博士后研究员的培训，以及许多非正式的公共教育活动，包括讲座、K-12 群体的演讲以及各种基于社交媒体的外展活动。巨藻群落比沿着西南极半岛向北，可能是由于海冰覆盖时间较短而有更多的光照。该项目将确定藻类群落结构变化的原因和群落水平后果。首先，有关海冰范围和水浊度的卫星数据将用于选择南纬 64 度至南纬 69 度之间的研究地点，其中年度海冰覆盖范围是影响地下光照水平的主要因素。然后，这些研究地点的大型藻类覆盖范围的变化将通过水肺潜水员进行的视频线样线调查来确定。在不同地点发现的物种的健康、生长和生理状态将通过样方抽样确定。大型藻类来源的碳对食物网中常见无脊椎动物消费者的相对重要性将通过稳定同位素和脂肪酸生物标志物技术进行评估。这将揭示海冰覆盖梯度上的大型藻类丰度和物种组成的变化如何影响海底群落组成和整个食物网的碳流。总而言之，这项工作将有助于预测由于全球气候变化而导致该地区海冰覆盖范围和持续时间不断减少将如何影响近岸海底群落的结构。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命和通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，该项目被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Strong correlations of sea ice cover with macroalgal cover along the Antarctic Peninsula: Ramifications for present and future benthic communities

南极半岛海冰覆盖与大型藻类覆盖的强相关性：对当前和未来底栖群落的影响

• DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2023.00020
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Elem Sci Anth
• 作者: Amsler, Charles D.;Amsler, Margaret O.;Klein, Andrew G.;Galloway, Aaron W.;Iken, Katrin;McClintock, James B.;Heiser, Sabrina;Lowe, Alex T.;Schram, Julie B.;Whippo, Ross
• 通讯作者: Whippo, Ross

Macroalgal input into the coastal food web along a gradient of seasonal sea ice cover along the Western Antarctic Peninsula

沿着南极西部半岛季节性海冰覆盖梯度，巨藻进入沿海食物网

• DOI: 10.3354/meps14388
• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Iken, K;Amsler, CD;Gorman, KB;Klein, AG;Galloway, AWE;Amsler, MO;Heiser, S;Whippo, R;Lowe, AT;Schram, JB;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Fatty acid trophic transfer of Antarctic algae to a sympatric amphipod consumer

南极藻类向同域端足类消费者的脂肪酸营养转移

• DOI: 10.1017/s0954102019000397
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: Antarctic Science
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Schram, Julie B.;Amsler, Margaret O.;Galloway, Aaron W.E.;Amsler, Charles D.;McClintock, James B.
• 通讯作者: McClintock, James B.

Juvenile morphology of the large Antarctic canopy-forming brown alga, Desmarestia menziesii J. Agardh

大型南极冠层形成褐藻 Desmarestia menziesii J. Agardh 的幼年形态

• DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02584-3
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Polar Biology
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Küpper, Frithjof C.;Amsler, Charles D.;Morley, Simon;de Reviers, Bruno;Reichardt, Aurelia;Peck, Lloyd S.;Peters, Akira F.
• 通讯作者: Peters, Akira F.

Vertical distribution of brown and red macroalgae along the central Western Antarctic Peninsula

南极半岛西部中部棕色和红色大型藻类的垂直分布

• DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0085
• 发表时间: 2023-11
• 期刊: Botanica Marina
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Amsler, Charles D.;Amsler, Margaret O.;Heiser, Sabrina;McClintock, James B.;Iken, Katrin;Galloway, Aaron W.;Klein, Andrew G.
• 通讯作者: Klein, Andrew G.