Collaborative Research: Linking behavior and transport of larvae using waves and turbulence as cues

合作研究：利用波浪和湍流作为线索将幼虫的行为和运输联系起来

• 批准号: 1756591
• 负责人: Gregory Gerbi
• 金额: $ 12.57万
• 依托单位: Skidmore College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2020-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756591&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Linking; behavior; transport; Collaborative; Research; Linking; behavior; transport

Many bottom-dwelling marine species have larvae whose behavior in the water column impacts dispersal and adult distributions. Snail larvae swim up with more effort or sink in response to cues from waves and turbulence, and it remains unclear whether larvae can use these physical cues for retention within or navigation among habitats. Larvae that swim up under waves may be retained over the continental shelf by wave-induced shoreward drift in surface waters. However, ocean warming causes larvae to be released earlier in spring when waves are larger and coastal upwelling is weaker, potentially carrying larvae into shallower waters that exceed the adults' temperature tolerance. The investigators will use a physical model of the Middle Atlantic Bight and adjacent estuaries to test hypotheses about how waves and turbulence affect transport patterns, retention near adult habitats, and climate-induced shifts in adult distributions. The project will produce simulations of ocean circulation and larval tracking codes that include waves both as behavior cues and as a transport mechanism; these products will be made publicly available. A graduate student will do a related dissertation. Undergraduate students will be involved through an NSF-funded REU program, the Aresty Program, which engages Rutgers' diverse undergraduates in research to boost retention in STEM majors, the Rutgers Research in Science and Engineering program, which targets underrepresented minorities, and the Skidmore Summer Research program. Model outputs will be used to develop learning materials for undergraduates, packaged as a case study for distribution through the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science. Research results will also be presented to adult (55 and over) learners through the Skidmore Encore lecture series.Waves are unique in providing planktonic larvae with a behavior cue directly tied to a horizontal transport mechanism, and newly discovered larval responses to waves could have counter-intuitive impacts on larval transport and species distributions. Wave climates differ in the adjacent habitats of two congeneric snails: Tritia obsoleta occupies turbulent inlets and estuaries where waves are small, while Tritia trivittata occupies the continental shelf where waves are much larger. These two species' larvae sense waves and turbulence separately as acceleration and vorticity-induced body rotation, respectively. Late-stage estuarine larvae mainly exhibit turbulence-induced sinking that could reduce transport out of inlets and estuaries, whereas shelf larvae also exhibit wave-induced upward swimming that could aid retention over the shelf via Stokes drift. Since the 1960s, the shelf species' range has shifted into warmer water, opposite to predictions based on thermal tolerance. This shift may be driven by wave-induced larval transport; as ocean warming induces earlier spawning, larvae will encounter larger waves and weaker upwelling in spring, intensifying Stokes drift and onshore transport toward warmer, shallower waters of the inner shelf. The project will use numerical models to test hypotheses linking flow-induced larval behaviors to transport pathways, local retention, and climate-driven range shifts. Waves will be included as a source of both behavior cues and advection through acceleration and Stokes drift, respectively. Results will help resolve uncertainties about how Stokes drift, Eulerian return flow, and upwelling interact to transport larvae. Numerical experiments will describe how climate-driven changes in spawning phenology affect larval transport, potentially identifying the mechanism behind perplexing range shifts of shelf species into warmer water.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多底层海洋物种具有幼虫，其在水柱中的行为会影响分散和成人分布。 蜗牛幼虫在响应海浪和湍流的提示中以更多的努力或下沉，尚不清楚幼虫是否可以使用这些物理线索在栖息地中保留或导航。 在地表水中的波诱导的毛茸茸的漂移可以保留在波浪下游泳的幼虫。然而，海洋变暖会导致幼虫在春季早些时候释放，当时波浪较大，并且沿海上升流较弱，可能将幼虫带入超过成年人温度耐受性的较浅的水中。研究人员将使用中大西洋湾和邻近河口的物理模型来测试有关波和湍流如何影响运输模式，成人栖息地附近的保留以及气候引起的成人分布转移的假设。该项目将产生海洋循环和幼虫跟踪代码的模拟，这些代码包括波浪作为行为提示和运输机制。这些产品将公开可用。研究生将进行相关论文。本科生将通过NSF资助的REU计划（ARESTY计划）参与其中，该计划与Rutgers的多样化的本科生有关，以提高STEM专业的研究，Rutgers在STEM和工程学方面的研究，该计划的科学和工程学计划的目标人数不足，其代表性不足的少数群体和Skidmore Summer Research Programs和Skidmore Summer研究计划。模型输出将用于开发本科生的学习材料，作为一个案例研究，以通过国家科学案例研究中心分发。研究结果还将通过Skidmore Encore演讲系列向成年人（55岁及以上）学习者提出。Waves在提供与水平运输机制直接相关的行为提示方面是独一无二的，而新发现的对波浪的幼虫反应可能对幼虫运输和物种的分布产生反直觉影响。 在两个同类蜗牛的相邻栖息地中的波气候不同：tritia obleta占据了湍流的入口和河口，其中波浪很小，而tritia trivittata则占据了大陆架，其中波浪大得多。这两个物种的幼虫分别作为加速度和涡度引起的身体旋转分别感知波浪和湍流。晚期河口幼虫主要表现出湍流引起的下沉，可以减少从入口和河口中的运输，而架子幼虫还表现出波浪诱导的向上游泳，可以通过Stokes漂移来帮助在架子上保留。 自1960年代以来，货架物种的范围已转移到温暖的水中，与基于热耐受性的预测相反。这种转变可能是由波诱导的幼虫运输驱动的。随着海洋变暖引起早期产卵，幼虫会在春季遇到更大的波浪和较弱的上升流，加剧了斯托克斯的漂移，并在陆上运输到内架的较浅水。该项目将使用数值模型来测试将流动诱导的幼虫行为连接到运输途径，局部保留和气候驱动范围变化的假设。波浪将分别作为行为提示和对流的来源，分别通过加速和stokes漂移。 结果将有助于解决有关Stokes漂移，Eulerian返回流以及上流与运输幼虫相互作用的不确定性。数值实验将描述产生物候学的气候驱动的变化如何影响幼虫的运输，从而有可能识别货架物种转移到温暖水中的困惑范围转移背后的机制。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过使用该基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来审查Criteria，它被认为是值得通过评估的支持。