SG: Synthetic analysis of the importance of species richness to ecosystem services in natural systems

SG：自然系统中物种丰富度对生态系统服务重要性的综合分析

• 批准号: 1754658
• 负责人: Mark Genung
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754658&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SG; Synthetic; analysis; importance; species

Nature provides ecosystem services that benefit humans: crops rely on pollinators, marshes protect coasts from storm surges, and forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The world is rapidly losing biodiversity, and understanding how biodiversity loss will affect ecosystem services is important for human well-being. Most attempts to do this have used experiments in the field and laboratory. Natural communities, in which ecosystem services are provided, rarely look like experiments. Scientists acknowledge this, but it has been hard to study the effect of biodiversity loss on ecosystem services in the real world, in large part because of limitations in the analysis of complex natural communities. In this project, the researchers will use a new method that overcomes previous limitations to analyze some of the world's largest data sets, with the goal of understanding what aspects of natural communities are needed for ecosystem services. For example, is it enough to have many individuals of a few species, or do we need many different species to provide ecosystem services? This research will provide society benefits through a better understanding of how biodiversity influences ecosystem function, which could have relevance for science policy. Additionally, data and coding from the project will be made available to the public. Knowledge of what drives ecosystem services at large scales is rudimentary, and the widespread belief that species richness is necessary for ecosystem services in natural systems is more of an assumption than an established fact. This project will use a novel and powerful analytical approach, based on the Price equation from evolutionary biology, to determine the importance of biodiversity to multiple ecosystem services. Specifically, the Price equation partitions differences in ecosystem services into three additive terms: richness, composition, and context dependence (which includes abundance variation as well as environmental factors). The PIs will compile the largest and most complete publicly-available data sets, and use them to conduct a synthetic analysis. The research will determine: (1) the relative importance of richness, composition, and context dependence in producing the mean levels and temporal variance of ecosystem services, (2) the role of spatial and temporal scale in ecosystem functions, and (3) the extent to which data from the worlds' largest biodiversity-function experiments align with results from ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大自然提供使人类受益的生态系统服务：农作物依靠传粉媒介，沼泽保护海岸免受暴风雨的侵害，森林将二氧化碳从大气中消除。世界正在迅速失去生物多样性，了解生物多样性损失将如何影响生态系统服务对人类的福祉至关重要。大多数尝试这样做的尝试都使用了现场和实验室中的实验。提供生态系统服务的自然社区很少看起来像实验。科学家承认这一点，但是很难研究生物多样性损失对现实世界中生态系统服务的影响，这在很大程度上是由于对复杂自然社区的分析局限性。在该项目中，研究人员将使用一种新方法来克服以前的限制来分析世界上一些最大的数据集，以了解生态系统服务需要哪些方面。例如，有许多人的许多人是否足以提供生态系统服务？这项研究将通过更好地理解生物多样性如何影响生态系统功能，从而为社会提供利益，这可能与科学政策相关。此外，该项目的数据和编码将提供给公众。了解在大规模驱动生态系统服务的知识是基本的，并且普遍认为，物种丰富性对于自然系统中的生态系统服务是必要的，而不是一个既定的事实。该项目将根据进化生物学的价格方程来使用一种新颖而强大的分析方法来确定生物多样性对多个生态系统服务的重要性。具体而言，价格方程式分区将生态系统服务的差异分为三个添加剂术语：丰富性，成分和上下文依赖性（包括丰度变化以及环境因素）。 PI将汇编最大，最完整的公共可用数据集，并使用它们进行合成分析。研究将确定：（1）丰富性，组成和上下文依赖性在产生生态系统服务的平均水平和时间差异中的相对重要性，（2）空间和时间尺度在生态系统功能中的作用，以及（3）来自世界上最大的生物多样性功能实验与生态系统的结果相一致的数据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。