Collaborative Research: Are Amazon forest trees source or sink limited? Mapping hydraulic traits to carbon allocation strategies to decipher forest function during drought

合作研究：亚马逊森林树木的来源或汇是否有限？

• 批准号: 1754163
• 负责人: Valeriy Ivanov
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754163&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Amazon; forest; trees

Understanding how large expanses of tropical forests will respond to climate variation, including increasing frequency of droughts, is important since these forests play a big role in the planet's carbon cycle. This award provides funds to study how the Amazon forest will respond to droughts such as experienced in the recent El Nino. Researchers will examine how individual species capture and use carbon and water, and use that data to understand how biodiversity of species makes the whole forest more resilient to droughts. The results will be integrated to model and predict how differences in forest species composition result in differences in whole-forest responses to drought. This award will evaluate how composition of biological communities influences their overall function and the effects of future changes on entire tropical forests. The project will advance international collaboration and the training of U.S. undergraduates to do research in Brazil. Increased public awareness of these issues will occur through outreach programs at the Biosphere 2, and a Science Festival which facilitates targeted presentations about the Amazon to 100+ middle-high school students/year. The science of plant drought response has largely assumed that environment regulates photosynthetic source of carbon ('C-source regulation'), which is then allocated to growth and other functions according to fixed allometric rules. There is an emerging view, however, that within-plant C-sink processes (growth, storage, and respiration) are directly regulated by the environment and by within-plant feedbacks (the 'C-sink regulation' hypothesis), such that changes in allocation and sink processes are a key mechanism of drought response. Realistically propagating such mechanisms to the ecosystem scale requires accounting for species-specific strategies that vary across the plant economic spectrum. To realistically test this hypothesis, the following challenges will be me through integrating measurements of tree C-source (photosynthesis) and C-sink (growth, storage, respiration) processes across a range of hydraulic traits to identify regulating mechanisms; Upscaling the mechanisms of drought response to the ecosystem level by focusing on distributions of both resources and plant hydraulic traits mapped to the plant economic spectrum; and Observing the ecosystem-scale photosynthetic C source (Gross Ecosystem Productivity, GEP) and water loss by transpiration. This evaluation of the controls on tree C-source and C-sink processes - including the Kok effect, Non-Structural C storage, and plant water relations - will transform our understanding of Amazon forest C dynamics and assessment of the forest's future under climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于这些森林在地球的碳循环中起着很大的作用，因此了解热带森林将对气候变化的响应将如何应对气候变化，这一点很重要。该奖项提供了研究亚马逊森林将如何应对诸如最近厄尔尼诺（El Nino）经历的干旱的资金。研究人员将研究单个物种如何捕获和使用碳和水，并使用这些数据来了解物种的生物多样性如何使整个森林对干旱更具弹性。结果将集成到建模和预测森林物种组成的差异如何导致全林对干旱的反应差异。该奖项将评估生物群落的组成如何影响其整体功能以及未来变化对整个热带森林的影响。该项目将推进国际合作，并培训美国大学生在巴西进行研究。公众对这些问题的认识提高，将通过生物圈2的外展计划以及一个科学节，促进有关亚马逊针对亚马逊/年中100多名中高中生/年的有针对性的演讲。植物干旱反应的科学在很大程度上假定环境调节碳的光合源（“ C-Source调节”），然后根据固定的异量规则将其分配给生长和其他功能。然而，有一种新的观点是，植物内的C-顺链过程（生长，存储和呼吸）是由环境和植物内反馈（“ C-Sink调节”假设）直接调节的，因此分配和下沉过程的变化是干旱反应的关键机制。实际上，将这种机制传播到生态系统量表需要考虑在整个植物经济范围内变化的物种特异性策略。为了实际检验这一假设，以下挑战将是我通过整合对树木c的测量值（光合作用）和C-sink（生长，存储，呼吸）过程的一系列液压性状，以识别调节机制；通过专注于资源和植物液压特征的分布来映射到植物经济范围的分布，从而提高对生态系统水平的干旱反应机制；并观察生态系统规模的光合作用C来源（总生态系统生产力，GEP）和蒸腾作用。对树木C源和C-Sink过程的控制的评估 - 包括KOK效应，非结构性C存储和植物水关系 - 将改变我们对亚马逊森林C动力学的理解以及在气候变化下对森林的未来评估。这奖反映了NSF的立法任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力评估来评估的，并值得通过评估的支持。

项目成果

A new field instrument for leaf volatiles reveals an unexpected vertical profile of isoprenoid emission capacities in a tropical forest

• DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.668228
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: T. Taylor;W. Wisniewski;E. Alves;R. D. de Oliveira;S. Saleska

Importance of hydraulic strategy trade-offs in structuring response of canopy trees to extreme drought in central Amazon

• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04924-9
• 发表时间: 2021-05-05
• 期刊: OECOLOGIA
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Garcia, Maquelle Neves;Ferreira, Marciel Jose;Oliveira, Rafael Silva
• 通讯作者: Oliveira, Rafael Silva

Root lateral interactions drive water uptake patterns under water limitation

• DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103896
• 发表时间: 2021-04-14
• 期刊: ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Agee, Elizabeth;He, Lingli;Ivanov, Valeriy
• 通讯作者: Ivanov, Valeriy

Estimation of Evapotranspiration of Amazon Rainforest Using the Maximum Entropy Production Method

• DOI: 10.1029/2018gl080907
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Donghui Xu;E. Agee;Jingfeng Wang;V. Ivanov

Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia

亚马逊流域中部三种超优势树种类异戊二烯排放成分的季节性变化

• DOI: 10.1111/plb.13419
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Plant Biology
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Gomes Alves, E.;Taylor, T.;Robin, M.;Pinheiro Oliveira, D.;Schietti, J.;Duvoisin Júnior, S.;Zannoni, N.;Williams, J.;Hartmann, C.;Gonçalves, J. F.
• 通讯作者: Gonçalves, J. F.