EAGER/Collaborative Research: Environmentally Responsive, Water Harvesting and Self-Cooling Building Envelopes

EAGER/合作研究：环境响应、集水和自冷却建筑围护结构

• 批准号: 1745912
• 负责人: Shu Yang
• 金额: $ 16.5万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1745912&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Collaborative; Research; Environmentally; Responsive

Cooling currently consumes about 9 percent of commercial building energy in US, and contributes significantly to urban heat island effects. As population continues to grow and shift to the city, precipitation and temperature patterns have changed so much that they add considerable stress to keep buildings and cities cool. Established architectural treatments are not adaptive to the changing environmental conditions unless a mechanical control is added. This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) project will bring together a highly collaborative and synergistic team of architects, mechanical engineers, and materials scientists to exploit a high risk-high payoff approach, kirigami (cutting and folding), where reconfigurability and cooling processes are materialized in building envelopes that sense and actuate in response to environmental change (e.g. heat, humidity, and wind). The building envelopes will harvest dew water in the early morning and later release it via evaporation, thus, dramatically reducing the cooling load of building elements. The research project will offer a rich and diverse set of problems to excite students at all levels and general public about STEAM, and raise their awareness to address building energy needs. This EAGER project aims to create an innovative building envelope for water condensation and evaporative cooling by considering the ambient temperature, humidity, and wind loads (both indoor and outdoor), as well as the surface property and shape of the novel building materials, achieving the water collection efficiency greater than 35 g/m2.h on aluminum coated polyester sheets, and temperature reduction of at least 2-3oC on daily condensation-evaporation cycles in summer. Specifically, the researchers will 1) perform mesoscale simulation, testing, and energy evaluation on various kirigami structures to identify suitable building envelope designs; 2) Develop simple hygro-thermal models to calculate evapotranspiration in daily condensation-evaporation cycles; 3) Integrate surface coatings to the kirigami structures and test water collection efficiency and temperature change in the daily cycle and comparing with theoretical values. 4) Guided by computation modeling and finite element simulation, optimize the cut patterns to improve applicability of the building envelopes in an outdoor setting. The designed envelopes are potentially transformative: they are passively responsive yet dynamically tunable, hence requiring low maintenance; multifunctional in ways that are not possible in existing building treatments; and generic, scalable, and modularizable.

目前，制冷消耗了美国约 9% 的商业建筑能源，并严重加剧了城市热岛效应。随着人口持续增长并转移到城市，降水和温度模式发生了很大变化，为保持建筑物和城市凉爽带来了相当大的压力。除非添加机械控制，否则现有的建筑处理方法无法适应不断变化的环境条件。这个早期概念探索性研究资助（EAGER）项目将汇集一个由建筑师、机械工程师和材料科学家组成的高度协作和协同的团队，以开发一种高风险高回报的方法，kirigami（切割和折叠），其中可重构性和冷却过程在建筑围护结构中具体化，可感知并响应环境变化（例如热量、湿度和风）。建筑围护结构将在清晨收集露水，然后通过蒸发将其释放出来，从而大大减少建筑构件的冷却负荷。该研究项目将提出一系列丰富多样的问题，激发各级学生和公众对 STEAM 的兴趣，并提高他们解决建筑能源需求的意识。该EAGER项目旨在通过考虑环境温度、湿度和风荷载（室内和室外）以及新型建筑材料的表面特性和形状，创建一个用于水冷凝和蒸发冷却的创新建筑围护结构，从而实现镀铝聚酯片材的集水效率大于 35 g/m2.h，夏季每日冷凝-蒸发循环的温度至少降低 2-3oC。具体来说，研究人员将1）对各种剪纸结构进行中尺度模拟、测试和能量评估，以确定合适的建筑围护结构设计； 2）开发简单的湿热模型来计算日常冷凝-蒸发循环中的蒸散量； 3）将表面涂层集成到剪纸结构中，测试日常循环中的集水效率和温度变化，并与理论值进行比较。 4）以计算建模和有限元模拟为指导，优化切割图案，提高围护结构在室外环境中的适用性。设计的围护结构具有潜在的变革性：它们是被动响应但动态可调的，因此需要很少的维护；以现有建筑处理方式不可能实现的多功能性；通用、可扩展、可模块化。