Collaborative Research: Landscape Evolution in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Erosion Rates and Real-time Monitoring of Rock Breakdown in a Hyperarid, Subzero Environment
合作研究:麦克默多干谷的景观演变:超干旱、零度以下环境中的侵蚀率和岩石破碎的实时监测
基本信息
- 批准号:1744864
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 14.89万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-05-01 至 2023-04-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Non-technical AbstractThe McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica is one of the coldest, driest, and windiest places on the planet, and is often used as a comparison for the surface of Mars. It is also the largest ice-free region of Antarctica, and thus its deposits and landforms contain unique records of past climate not accessible elsewhere in the Antarctic continent or the world. In order to accurately interpret any geologic feature, however, we must understand how it forms and changes through time. In particular, in the Dry Valleys, we have a poor understanding of the rates and causes of one of Earth's most fundamental geologic phenomenon - physical rock breakdown. For example, the Dry Valleys lack moisture, which is thought to play a key role in rock breakdown in most other locations on the planet. What serves to fracture rocks in this seemingly inert environment? This project aims to answer that question by 'listening' as rocks crack in the Dry Valleys. We will instrument boulders with sensors that act as miniature seismographs, recording even the smallest microcracking on and within the rocks. At the same time, we will monitor the weather and environment around the rocks to record the conditions that trigger cracking events. While we collect these data, we will gather rock samples from deposits of different ages (from thousands to millions of years old) in the Dry Valleys. Measurements on these samples will allow us to see how quickly rocks breakdown and how their characteristics change over geologic time. The combined datasets will allow future scientists to more accurately understand the paleoclimates and landscapes of Antarctica, and possibly even Mars. This project will also serve to support two female investigators in a field where women are still largely underrepresented. The project will also provide unique exposure and experience to students, ranging from elementary students to the undergraduate and graduate students who will be working directly on various aspects of the project. Technical AbstractRocks in the McMurdo Dry Valleys experience some of the lowest erosion rates on Earth. However, our current understanding of the relative role that different weathering factors (moisture, freezing temperatures, thermal cycling, salt crystallization or hydration, and wind abrasion) play in these and other environments is limited. Further, in the Dry Valleys, there has been no systematic evaluation of the variance in weathering and associated rock erosion rates, which may change significantly as a function of subaerial exposure duration, lithology, and texture. This research seeks to (1) characterize the primary drivers of rock breakdown, (2) better quantify erosion rates, and (3) determine the lithological and environmental factors that influence weathering and erosion in the Dry Valleys. Rock breakdown (cracking) will be recorded in real-time on in situ boulders using a custom acoustic emission monitoring system. By coupling acoustic emission data with micrometeorological measurements at and near rock surfaces, this study will directly test hypotheses relating to the environmental drivers of rock breakdown under this unique polar desert climate over short (minute to monthly) timescales. Cosmogenic nuclide techniques including a novel combination of 6 isotopes (Be-10, Al-26, He-3, Ne-21, Cl-36, C-14) together with rock property measurements (e.g., strength, elastic moduli, thermal properties) will be used to elucidate the complex relationship between long-term (kyr to Myr) boulder erosion rates, lithology, rock properties, and subaerial exposure duration. By synthesizing these measurements with short-term cracking data from the acoustic emission system, the proposed work will thoroughly examine which lithological and environmental factors and grain-scale processes are driving geomorphic evolution in the Dry Valleys. By constraining boulder erosion rates and determining their sensitivity to rock properties and age, the results will be directly applicable to cosmogenic nuclide exposure age studies in this region. Additionally, the resulting information on weathering processes and their relationship to rock morphology in the Dry Valleys can be used to address hypotheses as to formation of similar rock morphologies on Mars. The Project Investigators will participate in an elementary school outreach program run by Gonzaga University, and the project will support an undergraduate and graduate student.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
非技术摘要南极洲的麦克穆尔多干谷地区是地球上最冷,最干燥,最风的地方之一,通常被用作火星表面的比较。它也是南极洲最大的无冰区域,因此其沉积物和地形包含在南极大陆或世界其他地方无法获得的过去气候的独特记录。但是,为了准确解释任何地质特征,我们必须了解它如何随着时间的推移形成和变化。特别是,在干燥的山谷中,我们对地球最基本的地质现象之一的速度和原因 - 物理岩石崩溃的速度和原因有很糟糕的理解。例如,干山谷缺乏水分,被认为在地球上大多数其他位置的岩石崩溃中起着关键作用。什么是在这个看似惰性的环境中骨折的岩石?该项目旨在通过“聆听”来回答这个问题,因为干山谷中的岩石裂纹。我们将用传感器来启动巨石,这些传感器充当微型地震仪,甚至记录了岩石上和内部最小的微裂纹。同时,我们将监视岩石周围的天气和环境,以记录触发破裂事件的条件。当我们收集这些数据时,我们将收集干山谷中不同年龄(从数千年到数百万年龄)的沉积物中收集岩石样品。这些样品的测量将使我们能够看到岩石分解的速度以及它们在地质时间内的特征如何变化。合并后的数据集将使未来的科学家更准确地了解南极洲甚至火星的古气候和景观。 该项目还将在妇女仍然代表不足的领域中为两名女性调查人员提供支持。该项目还将为学生提供独特的接触和经验,从小学生到本科生和研究生,他们将直接从事该项目的各个方面。 McMurdo Dry Valleys中的技术抽象经历了地球上一些最低的侵蚀率。但是,我们目前对不同风化因子(水分,冷冻温度,热循环,盐结晶或水合以及风磨损)在这些和其他环境中起的相对作用的理解是有限的。此外,在干山谷中,没有系统地评估风化和相关的岩石侵蚀率的差异,这可能会随着海底暴露持续时间,岩性和质地的函数而发生明显变化。这项研究试图(1)表征岩石分解的主要驱动因素,(2)更好地量化侵蚀率,(3)确定影响干山谷中风化和侵蚀的岩性和环境因素。岩石分解(破裂)将使用自定义的声学发射监测系统实时记录原位巨石。通过将声发射数据与岩石表面及其附近的微气流测量结果耦合,本研究将直接测试与这种独特的极性沙漠气候在短(微小到每月)的时间尺度上与岩石崩溃的环境驱动因素有关的假设。宇宙基因核素技术包括6种同位素(BE-10,AL-26,HE-3,NE-21,CL-36,C-14)的新型组合,以及岩石性能测量(例如,强度,弹性模量,热型,热特性) )将用于阐明长期(Kyr至Myr)巨石侵蚀率,岩性,岩石特性和海底暴露持续时间之间的复杂关系。通过与声学系统的短期破裂数据合成这些测量结果,拟议的工作将彻底检查哪些岩性和环境因素以及谷物规模的过程正在推动干谷中的地貌进化。通过限制巨石侵蚀率并确定其对岩石性质和年龄的敏感性,结果将直接适用于该地区的宇宙基因核素暴露年龄研究。此外,可以使用有关风化过程及其与干山谷中岩石形态的关系的信息,可用于解决MARS上类似岩石形态的假设。该项目调查人员将参加由冈萨加大学(Gonzaga University)主持的小学外展计划,该项目将支持本科生和研究生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务,并认为值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来评估。审查标准。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Martha Eppes其他文献
Martha Eppes的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Martha Eppes', 18)}}的其他基金
GSA Penrose Conference: PRF2022 Progressive Failure of Brittle Rocks; Western North Carolina; June 2022
GSA 彭罗斯会议:PRF2022 脆性岩石的渐进破坏;
- 批准号:
2134366 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 14.89万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
NSF-BSF: Quantifying climate-dependent subcritical cracking and mechanical weathering over geologic time
NSF-BSF:量化地质时期气候相关的亚临界裂纹和机械风化
- 批准号:
1839148 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 14.89万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Determining the role of insolation in the mechanical breakdown of rock
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- 批准号:
0844335 - 财政年份:2009
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$ 14.89万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
SGER: Preliminary Instrumentation Study of Rates and Mechanisms of Crack Initiation and Mechanical Weathering
SGER:裂纹萌生和机械风化速率和机制的初步仪器研究
- 批准号:
0705277 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 14.89万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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