Collaborative Research: Genome structure and adaptive evolution in peatmosses (Sphagnum): ecosystem engineers

合作研究：泥炭藓（Sphagnum）的基因组结构和适应性进化：生态系统工程师

基本信息

批准号：
1737825
负责人：
Karen Hicks
金额：
$ 38.98万
依托单位：
Kenyon College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737825&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Genome structure adaptive

项目摘要

Peatmosses comprise a diverse group of plants with over 300 species distributed throughout the world. In northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, they dominate wetlands and form extensive peatlands that harbor a broad diversity of microbes, other plants, and animals. Because of the build-up of peat (partially decomposed plant material), these peatlands have profound impacts on regional patterns of water movement, and the global cycling of atmospheric nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. It is estimated that almost one third of the earth's soil carbon is bound up in peatlands even though these habitats account for only about 10% of the land surface area. The goals of this research are to use peatmosses as a model to better understand the connections between DNA sequence variation, plant traits, and ecological function. This research provides a unique opportunity to connect gene composition and variation to the plant traits encoded by those genes, and investigate how these plant traits affect ecosystem function. Undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral researchers will be trained in diverse genomic, evolutionary, computational, and ecological methods and analysis, including laboratory exchanges among the collaborating institutions. Results will be disseminated broadly to the public via field courses and an illustrated publically accessible, online database about peatmosses. This research integrates broad-level phylogenetics, common garden experiments of a widely-distributed Sphagnum species, and genus-wide comparative genomic studies to understand how adaptive processes occurring within species scale up to and explain diversification of the genus on a worldwide scale. Whole genome DNA sequences will be assembled for 96 Sphagnum species representing the worldwide range of the genus. These data will then be used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among species and assess genus-wide genomic variation. Analyses of these data will then test for correlations among phylogenetic patterns, distributional range, ecological breadth, and variation in ecologically important phenotypic traits. Plants of Sphagnum magellanicum, which occurs from arctic to tropical regions, will be collected across a latitudinal gradient and grown under experimental conditions to assess photosynthetic responses to environmental factors including day length and temperature, and population differentiation in physiological response. Gene expression responses in experimental plants will be measured using RNA sequencing to better understand the genetic basis of local physiological adaptation. Whole genome DNA sequences of different S. magellanicum populations will be assembled to assess variation in gene content within a single species (Pan genome structure). Comparing these population-level data with whole genome sequence data from species spanning the Sphagnum genus will identify how many of these genes are shared with other peatmoss species. One specific prediction these data will be used to test is whether inducible physiological responses in tropical plants of a widespread species have become fixed and constitutive in tropical Sphagnum species.

泥炭藓由多种植物组成，有 300 多种，分布在世界各地。在北半球北部地区，它们主宰着湿地并形成广阔的泥炭地，其中蕴藏着各种各样的微生物、其他植物和动物。由于泥炭（部分分解的植物材料）的堆积，这些泥炭地对区域水运动模式以及大气氮、二氧化碳和甲烷的全球循环产生深远影响。据估计，地球上近三分之一的土壤碳储存在泥炭地中，尽管这些栖息地仅占陆地表面积的 10% 左右。这项研究的目标是利用泥炭藓作为模型，更好地了解 DNA 序列变异、植物性状和生态功能之间的联系。这项研究提供了一个独特的机会，将基因组成和变异与这些基因编码的植物性状联系起来，并研究这些植物性状如何影响生态系统功能。本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员将接受各种基因组、进化、计算和生态方法与分析的培训，包括合作机构之间的实验室交流。结果将通过实地课程和关于泥炭藓的可公开访问的图解在线数据库向公众广泛传播。这项研究整合了广泛的系统发育学、广泛分布的泥炭藓物种的常见花园实验以及属范围的比较基因组研究，以了解物种内发生的适应性过程如何扩大并解释该属在全球范围内的多样化。代表全球泥炭属范围的 96 种泥炭藓物种的全基因组 DNA 序列将被组装。然后，这些数据将用于重建物种之间的系统发育关系并评估属范围内的基因组变异。然后对这些数据的分析将测试系统发育模式、分布范围、生态广度和生态重要表型性状变异之间的相关性。麦哲伦泥炭藓植物分布在从北极到热带地区，将在纬度梯度上收集并在实验条件下生长，以评估对环境因素（包括日长和温度）的光合作用反应，以及生理反应中的种群分化。将使用 RNA 测序来测量实验植物的基因表达反应，以更好地了解局部生理适应的遗传基础。将组装不同 S. magellanicum 种群的全基因组 DNA 序列，以评估单个物种内基因内容的变化（泛基因组结构）。将这些种群水平的数据与泥炭藓属物种的全基因组序列数据进行比较，将确定其中有多少基因与其他泥炭藓物种共享。这些数据将用于测试的一个具体预测是，广泛分布的热带植物中诱导的生理反应是否已在热带泥炭藓物种中变得固定和组成。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Sphagnum diabolicum sp. nov. and S. magniae sp. nov.; morphological variation and taxonomy of the “S. magellanicum complex”

泥炭藓 diabolicum sp.

DOI：
10.1639/0007-2745-126.1.069
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
The Bryologist
影响因子：
0
作者：
Shaw, A. Jonathan;Nieto-Lugilde, Marta;Aguero, Blanka;Duffy, Aaron;Piatkowski, Bryan T.;Jaramillo-Chico, Juan;Robinson, Sean;Hassel, Kristian;Flatberg, Kjell Ivar;Weston, David J.
通讯作者：
Weston, David J.

Clonality, local population structure and gametophyte sex ratios in cryptic species of the Sphagnum magellanicum complex

麦哲伦泥炭藓复合体隐秘物种的克隆性、当地种群结构和配子体性别比例

DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcad077
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Annals of Botany
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Shaw, A. Jonathan;Duffy, Aaron M.;Nieto-Lugilde, Marta;Aguero, Blanka;Schuette, Scott;Robinson, Sean;Loveland, James;Hicks, Karen A.;Weston, David;Piatkowski, Bryan
通讯作者：
Piatkowski, Bryan

Phylogenomic structure and speciation in an emerging model: the Sphagnum magellanicum complex (Bryophyta)