RAPID: Mobile Infrastructure for Monitoring, Modeling, and Forecasting of Coastal Weather Events

RAPID：用于监测、建模和预测沿海天气事件的移动基础设施

• 批准号: 1713922
• 负责人: Jason Hallstrom
• 金额: $ 9.89万
• 依托单位: Florida Atlantic University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-15 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1713922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Mobile; Infrastructure; Monitoring; Modeling

Tropical storms are among the most destructive natural phenomenon on the planet. Each year, these storms pose a threat to the Atlantic Coast. The dangers of high winds and storm-induced sea level rise are widely recognized, but these storms can also result in inland flooding. Historically, inland flooding is responsible for the majority of deaths attributed to tropical storms in the US. Existing methods do not provide accurate forecasts of inland flooding patterns. This project will improve these forecasts through a computational framework that relies on key measurements collected from mobile sensing arrays deployed in advance of incoming storms.The project will develop a computational framework to simulate inland lateral flooding processes. Collection and calibration of the key hydrologic variables, both in baseline, and in advance of future storms, is critical. The project will focus on surface water velocity measurements near key population locales, particularly as the river basins transition from storage modes to discharge modes ? resulting from the recent passage of Hurricane Matthew. Data collection will be achieved through mobile sensing arrays, comprising photogrammetry drones, GPS drifters, and a new drifter-based technology for acquiring fine-grained surface water velocity measurements. The Atlantic coast is threatened by approximately ten tropical storms per year, with more than half becoming hurricanes. The impacts can be catastrophic, resulting in loss of life and damage to property and infrastructure. Hurricane Matthew, widely viewed as a near miss, resulted in more than 40 deaths in the US, and damage to more than 100,000 homes ? most attributed to inland flooding. This project will result in improved forecasting infrastructure for inland flooding, enabling local and state governments and emergency management teams to more effectively plan and respond to tropical storms.

热带风暴是地球上最具破坏性的自然现象之一。每年，这些风暴都会对大西洋海岸构成威胁。人们广泛认识到大风和风暴引起的海平面上升的危险，但这些风暴也可能导致内陆洪水。从历史上看，美国热带风暴造成的大部分死亡都是由内陆洪水造成的。现有方法无法准确预测内陆洪水模式。该项目将通过一个计算框架来改进这些预测，该框架依赖于在风暴来临之前部署的移动传感阵列收集的关键测量数据。该项目将开发一个计算框架来模拟内陆横向洪水过程。在基线和未来风暴发生之前收集和校准关键水文变量至关重要。该项目将重点关注关键人口地区附近的地表水流速测量，特别是当河流流域从储存模式过渡到排放模式时？这是由于最近飓风马修的通过造成的。数据收集将通过移动传感阵列实现，包括摄影测量无人机、GPS 漂流器以及基于漂流器的新技术，用于获取细粒度的地表水流速度测量值。大西洋海岸每年受到大约十次热带风暴的威胁，其中一半以上变成了飓风。其影响可能是灾难性的，导致人员伤亡以及财产和基础设施损坏。人们普遍认为飓风“马修”有惊无险，在美国造成 40 多人死亡，超过 100,000 所房屋受损？主要原因是内陆洪水。该项目将改善内陆洪水的预报基础设施，使地方和州政府以及应急管理团队能够更有效地规划和应对热带风暴。